World Bank2012-06-142012-06-142008-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8096This report examines three critically important areas to inform discussions on the appropriate level of health care spending in the Russian Federation: (i) the efficiency of spending on health care services; (ii) distributional impacts of spending on health care services; and (iii) the key factors that will influence the growth in health care spending over the next 20 years. There are few data showing how spending in health care in the Russian Federation translates into better health outcomes such as improved mortality, improved morbidity, increased economic output and productivity, improvements in the number of life years gained, or more sophisticated composite measures such as Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). There is also limited data on outputs of hospitals and other healthcare providers which allow controlling for case mix, socioeconomic status, supply-side variables, and quality of care. Therefore, it is difficult to assess the efficiency or distributional impacts of health interventions. While the analysis draws on primary data specifically collected for the study, the absence of detailed output and outcome data necessarily limits the scope of the study and its findings.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABILITY TO PAYACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICESACCESS TO SERVICESACCESS TO TREATMENTADULT MORTALITYAGE GROUPSAGEDAGINGAIDS EPIDEMICALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCYAMBULANCEAMBULATORY SERVICESBURDEN OF DISEASECANCERCAPITA HEALTH EXPENDITURECAPITA HEALTH SPENDINGCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCAUSES OF DEATHCAUSES OF DISABILITYCIRCULATORY SYSTEMCITIZENCLINICAL INDICATORSCLINICAL PRACTICECLINICSCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCOST EFFECTIVENESSCOST OF HEALTH CARECOST-EFFECTIVENESSDAY CAREDEATHSDECLINES IN FERTILITYDEMAND FOR HEALTHDEMAND FOR HEALTH SERVICESDEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCESDEPRESSIONDIABETESDIGESTIVE SYSTEMDISABILITYDOCTORSDRUGSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OUTCOMESEFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH CAREEMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICESEMPLOYMENTEXISTING RESOURCESFEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCYFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFINANCIAL BARRIERSFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL RESOURCESGENDER DIFFERENCESGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEGROWTH IN HEALTH SPENDINGHEALTH AFFAIRSHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE COSTSHEALTH CARE EXPENDITUREHEALTH CARE EXPENDITURESHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH CARE PROVISIONHEALTH CARE REFORMHEALTH CARE RESOURCESHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH CARE SPENDINGHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CARE SYSTEMSHEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN TRANSITIONHEALTH CONDITIONSHEALTH COSTHEALTH COSTSHEALTH ECONOMISTSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH EXPENDITURES PER CAPITAHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH FINANCING SYSTEMHEALTH IMPACTSHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONSHEALTH INSURANCE FUNDSHEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEMHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH INVESTMENTSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PROJECTHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH REFORMHEALTH REFORMSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SPECIALISTHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEM REFORMHEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENINGHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTHCARE PROVIDERSHEALTHCARE SPENDINGHEALTHY LIFEHOSPITAL ADMISSIONSHOSPITAL BEDSHOSPITAL CAREHOSPITAL PATIENTSHOSPITAL SECTORHOSPITALIZATIONHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESILL HEALTHILLNESSIMMUNIZATIONIMPACT ON HEALTHINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME GROUPSINCOME GROWTHINCOME POPULATIONINFANT MORTALITYINJURIESINPATIENT CAREINTEGRATIONINTERNATIONAL POPULATIONINTERNATIONAL POPULATION CONFERENCELABOR FORCELEADING CAUSE OF DEATHLEVEL OF HEALTH SPENDINGLEVELS OF MORTALITYLIFE EXPECTANCYLIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTHLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLONG-TERM CARELOW INCOMEMACROECONOMIC EFFICIENCYMEDICAL BENEFITSMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL CENTERSMEDICAL CONDITIONSMEDICAL RECORDSMEDICAL SERVICESMEDICAL STAFFMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIESMEDICAL TREATMENTMEDICINESMENTALMENTAL HEALTHMORBIDITYMORTALITYMORTALITY RATENATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL HEALTH SERVICENATIONAL SECURITYNURSESNUTRITIONOUTPATIENT CAREPARASITIC DISEASESPATIENTPATIENT CHOICEPATIENTSPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPHYSICIANPHYSICIANSPOCKET PAYMENTSPOLICY MAKERSPOOR HEALTHPOPULATION DECLINEPOPULATION GROUPSPOPULATION GROWTHPREMATURE DEATHPRIMARY CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIVATE CONSUMPTIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SPENDINGPROBABILITYPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONSPUBLIC HEALTH POLICIESPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICESPUBLIC HEALTH SPENDINGPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCYPUBLIC SPENDINGQUALITY OF CAREQUALITY OF HEALTHREPLACEMENT LEVELSCREENINGSERVICE PROVIDERSSICKNESS ABSENCESMOKINGSMOKING CESSATIONSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL WELFARESOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSURGERYUSE OF HEALTH SERVICESWORKERSWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWorld Bank10.1596/8096