Demas, AngelaArcia, Gustavo2015-06-302015-06-302015-03-30https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22086This framework paper provides an overview of what matters most for school autonomy and accountability. The focus is on public schools at the primary and the secondary level. This paper begins by grounding School Autonomy and Accountability in its theoretical evidence base (impact evaluations, lessons learned from experience, and literature reviews) and then discusses guiding principles and tools for analyzing country policy choices. The goal of this paper is to provide a framework for classifying and analyzing education systems around the world according to the following five policy goals that are critical for enabling effective school autonomy and accountability: 1) level of autonomy in the planning and management of the school budget; 2) level of autonomy in personnel management; 3) role of school councils in school governance; 4) school and student assessment, and 5) accountability to stakeholders. This paper also discusses how country context matters to school autonomy and accountability and how balancing policy goals matters to policy making for improved education quality and learning for all.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOPARENT PARTICIPATIONEDUCATIONALOUTCOMESSCHOOLSUPPORTEDUCATIONMANAGEMENTSCHOOL SYSTEMSCHOOL MANAGEMENT TEAMBASIC SERVICESEDUCATIONALENVIRONMENTTEACHERSACHIEVEMENT TESTSSCHOOL COUNCILPUBLICSCHOOLSEDUCATION OFFICESSCHOOLYEARACADEMICPERFORMANCESCHOOLINGQUALITY SCHOOLSSCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEESCONTEXTUAL FACTORSLITERACY LEVELSEDUCATION POLICYTEACHER PERFORMANCEPRIMARY GRADESSCHOOL MANAGEMENTCOMMITTEEPEDAGOGICALTRAININGCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONACCESS TO EDUCATIONLITERACYADULT LITERACY RATEKNOWLEDGEEDUCATIONREFORMCURRICULUMDEVELOPMENTSCHOOLMANAGEMENTCOMMITTEESTRAININGLOCALTEACHERSSCHOOL CALENDARSCHOOLPRINCIPALSPERFORMANCE INDICATORSEDUCATORSPRIVATE SCHOOLSNATIONAL EDUCATION POLICIESSTUDENT SUPPORTCOMMUNITYPARTICIPATIONSCHOOLSWITHSTUDENTSSCHOOLLEVELSSTUDENT OUTCOMESHEADTEACHERSSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTTEACHERABSENTEEISMSCHOOL AUTONOMYLEARNINGSTUDENTACHIEVEMENTACCESSTOEDUCATIONDROPOUTRATEEDUCATIONALQUALITYSCHOOLPERFORMANCEPASS RATEACHIEVEMENT DATASCHOOL LEVELSCHOOLEQUIPMENTSCHOOLCOUNCILSCHOOLATTENDANCEEDUCATION SYSTEMSTEACHEREFFECTIVENESSSCHOOL FACILITIESSCHOOLOPERATIONSSCHOOLSYSTEMPARENTASSOCIATIONSVALUESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREINSTRUCTIONALMATERIALLEARNING OUTCOMESSECONDARYSCHOOLSTUDENT PERFORMANCESCHOOL SUPPORTSCHOOL STAFFSTUDENTOUTCOMESSCHOOL CHILDRENSTUDENT SCORESREPORT CARDSSTUDENTASSESSMENTSPARENTINVOLVEMENTPOORPEOPLESCHOOLCOUNCILSTEACHERTRAININGQUALITYOFEDUCATIONPROVIDERSOFEDUCATIONCURRICULUMTEACHERPRIVATESCHOOLSSCHOOL PERSONNELPARTICIPATION OF PARENTSSCHOOL ACTIVITIESEDUCATIONPRIMARYSCHOOLINGPEDAGOGICAL PRACTICESPARTICIPATION INEDUCATIONTEACHER APPRAISALRETENTIONRATESPUBLIC SCHOOLSPEDAGOGICALPRACTICESPARENT ASSOCIATIONSFEESTEACHER ABSENTEEISMSCHOOL INSPECTIONSREPETITION RATESSCHOOLLEARNINGACHIEVEMENTADULT LITERACYSCHOOL ENVIRONMENTSCHOOL LEARNINGSTUDENT LEARNINGSKILLSEDUCATION STRATEGYPEDAGOGICALMATERIALSCLASSROOMLEVELDROPOUTRATESQUALITYSTANDARDSEDUCATIONSERVICESSCHOOL DATATEACHINGMATERIALSINDIGENOUSSCHOOLSTRAININGFORTEACHERSPARENTAL INVOLVEMENTSCHOOLLEVELSCHOOLCOMMITTEESEDUCATIONSYSTEMTEACHERSALARIESGENDER DISPARITYPARENTALINVOLVEMENTTEXTBOOKSLEARNING ENVIRONMENTLITERACY RATESCHOOLCHILDRENSCHOOL PRINCIPALSEDUCATION POLICIESTEACHER ASSOCIATIONSTEACHER TRAININGSTUDENTLEARNINGSCHOOLQUALITYTEACHERHIRINGSCHOOLCOMMUNITYSCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEELEARNINGOUTCOMESCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATION INEDUCATIONSCHOOLSTAFFEDUCATION SYSTEMSCHOOLAUTONOMYTEACHER SALARIESSCHOOLͲLEVELTEACHERMANAGEMENTTEACHINGTEACHER CANDIDATESSCHOOLͲAGEPOPULATIONSCHOOLIMPROVEMENTSTUDENTASSESSMENTPARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATIONSREADINGSCHOOL MANAGEMENTSCHOOLDIRECTORSSTUDENT ASSESSMENTREPORTCARDSSCHOOLSCLASSSIZETEACHERUNIONSCURRICULASCHOOL AFFAIRSPROVISION OF EDUCATIONLOCALSCHOOL MANAGEMENTSTUDENTLEARNINGOUTCOMESQUALITY OF INSTRUCTIONCOMMUNITYSCHOOLSEDUCATIONALMATERIALSNATIONAL EDUCATIONSCHOOL COUNCILSSCHOOLMANAGEMENTSCHOOL SYSTEMSSTUDENT ASSESSMENTSSCHOOL IMPROVEMENTEDUCATION GOALSNUMBEROFSCHOOLSSCHOOLGOVERNANCESCHOOLMANAGEMENT COMMITTEESTUDENTPERFORMANCESCHOOLBOARDSSCHOOLCALENDARQUALITY EDUCATIONRURALPUBLICSCHOOLSSCHOOLPERSONNELSCHOOL SITESCHOOL PERFORMANCESCHOOL OPERATIONSSCHOOL DIRECTORSACHIEVEMENTTESTSPASSRATESCHOOL GOVERNANCEPRIMARYSCHOOLSECONDARYEDUCATIONEDUCATIONSYSTEMSSCHOOLACTIVITIESEDUCATION COMMUNITYCLASSROOMSCHOOLCOMMITTEEEDUCATIONPOLICYCOMMUNITYSCHOOLTEACHERPERFORMANCESCHOOL COMMITTEESPARTICIPATIONOFPARENTSWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/22086