Hoppe, MombertBrenton, PaulNewfarmer, Richard2012-05-302012-05-302008-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6688Trade can be a key driver of growth for African countries, as it has been for those countries, particularly in East Asia, that have experienced high and sustained rates of growth. Economic partnership agreements with the European Union could be instrumental in a competitiveness framework, but to do so they would have to be designed carefully in a way that supports integration into the global economy and is consistent with national development strategies. Interim agreements have focused on reciprocal tariff removal and less restrictive rules of origin. To be fully effective, economic partnership agreements will have to address constraints to regional integration, including both tariff and non-tariff barriers; improve trade facilitation; and define appropriate most favored nation services liberalization. At the same time, African countries will need to reduce external tariff peak barriers on a most favored nation basis to ensure that when preferences for the European Union are implemented after transitional periods, they do not lead to substantial losses from trade diversion. This entails an ambitious agenda of policy reform that must be backed up by development assistance in the form of "aid for trade."CC BY 3.0 IGOAGRICULTUREAPPARELAPPAREL EXPORTSAPPAREL PRODUCERSBARRIERS TO TRADEBENCHMARKSBILATERAL AGREEMENTSBILATERAL TRADEBUSINESS CLIMATEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ANALYSISCOMPETITION POLICIESCOMPETITION POLICYCOMPETITIVENESSCONCESSIONSCONFORMITY ASSESSMENTSCONSUMER PRICESCUSTOMSCUSTOMS REVENUESCUSTOMS UNIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISPUTE RESOLUTIONDOMESTIC MARKETSECONOMIC RESOURCESECONOMIC SIZEECONOMIES OF SCALEEQUILIBRIUMEUROPEAN UNIONEXCHANGE RATESEXPORT COMPETITIVENESSEXPORT DIVERSIFICATIONEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT MARKETEXPORT OPPORTUNITIESEXPORT PATTERNSEXPORT PERFORMANCEEXPORT PRICESEXPORT PROCESSINGEXPORT PROCESSING ZONESEXPORT PROMOTIONEXPORT PROMOTION AGENCIESEXPORT VALUEEXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTERNAL BARRIERSEXTERNAL TARIFFEXTERNAL TARIFFSFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFREE ACCESSFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFREE TRADE AGREEMENTSFREE TRADE AREASGDPGLOBAL COMPETITIONGLOBAL COMPETITIVENESSGLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTSGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL EXPORTSGLOBAL INTEGRATIONGLOBAL MARKETGLOBAL MARKETPLACEGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBAL OUTPUTGLOBAL TRADEGLOBALIZATIONGOVERNMENT REGULATIONGRAVITY MODELGROWTH IN TRADEGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHARMONIZATIONHUMAN CAPITALIMPORT DUTIESIMPORT TAXESIMPORTSINCENTIVE STRUCTUREINCOMEINCOME TAXESINCOMESINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSINTERNATIONAL MARKETINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT REGIMELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET POLICIESLABOR MARKETSLDCSLOST TARIFF REVENUELOST TARIFF REVENUESLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMARKET ACCESSMARKET FAILURESMARKET INFORMATIONMARKET PRICESMARKET SHAREMARKET SHARESMARKET SIZEMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIESMONOPOLIESMOST FAVORED NATIONMULTILATERAL AGREEMENTSMULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONMULTILATERAL TRADEMULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATIONMUTUAL TRADENATIONAL COMPETITIONNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNEW MARKETSNEW PRODUCTSNON-TARIFF BARRIERSOPENNESSPARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSISPATTERN OF TRADEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMYPORTFOLIOPOSITIVE EFFECTSPOWER PARITYPREFERENTIAL ACCESSPREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESSPREFERENTIAL RATESPREFERENTIAL TARIFFPREFERENTIAL TARIFFSPREFERENTIAL TRADEPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTSPRICE CONTROLSPRODUCTIVITYPROTECTIONISTPURCHASING POWERRAPID GROWTHRATE OF GROWTHRECIPROCAL TARIFF REDUCTIONREFORM PROGRAMREFORM PROGRAMSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADEREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSREGULATORY OVERSIGHTRESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGINSAFETY NETSSAFETY STANDARDSSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOURCINGTARIFF BARRIERSTARIFF EXEMPTIONSTARIFF RATETARIFF RATESTARIFF REDUCTIONSTARIFF REFORMTARIFF REVENUETAXTAX POLICYTAX RATESTAX REVENUETAX REVENUESTAX STRUCTURESTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURETOURISMTRADE AGREEMENTTRADE COMMISSIONERTRADE COMPETITIVENESSTRADE COSTSTRADE DIVERSIONTRADE FACILITATIONTRADE FLOWSTRADE IN GOODSTRADE IN SERVICESTRADE INTEGRATIONTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE PATTERNSTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE PREFERENCESTRADE PROMOTIONTRADE PROTECTIONTRADE REFORMTRADE REFORMSTRADE REGIMETRADE RELATIONSTRADE RELATIONSHIPSTRADE TAXESTRANSFER OF TARIFF REVENUETRANSPORT COSTSTURNOVERUNEMPLOYMENTUNILATERAL REFORMVALUE OF EXPORTSVALUE OF TRADEVOLUME OF TRADEWAGE GAPWAGE RATESWAGESWELFARE IMPACTSWORLD ECONOMYWORLD MARKETWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4627