McPake, BarbaraScott, AnthonyEdoka, Ijeoma2014-06-262014-06-262014-06-23978-1-4648-0224-910.1596/978-1-4648-0224-9https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18780The aim of this publication is to examine how labor and health economics can be used to analyze and better understand the role and functions of health worker labor markets. Health workforce shortages stem not only from inadequate overall supply, but also from suboptimal allocation of health human resources by location and role. Low performance and productivity are also issues. These three problems are often compounded by a resource problem - the gap between the finances required for an adequate workforce and those likely available. The application of labor economics to health care labor markets needs to account for the specific institutional features and market failures in health care. The document is organized as follows: first section gives introduction, the second section sets out a broad framework that needs to be used when examining health care labor markets. The third section summarizes the key issues surrounding the demand and supply of health workers and how these interact in the health worker labor market. The fourth section summarizes the broad analytical approaches used in economics, focusing on issues of causality and labor market dynamics. The final section suggests some gaps in research and analysis for health worker labor markets in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCOUNTINGACUTE CAREACUTE CARE HOSPITALSAGEDAMOUNT OF REMUNERATIONBARGAININGBLOOD PRESSUREBLOOD SAMPLESCAPITATIONCAPITATION PAYMENTCARERSCLINICIANSCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOST ANALYSISCOST OF CAPITALCOST OF HEALTH SERVICESCOUNSELINGDEATHSDEBTDEMAND FOR HEALTHDEMAND FOR HEALTH CAREDEMAND FOR SERVICESDETERMINANTS OF HEALTHDIAGNOSISDOCTORSDRIVERSDRUGSECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC REVIEWEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEQUILIBRIUMEQUITY ISSUESFEE FOR SERVICEFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL PROTECTIONFINANCING POLICIESFLAT RATEGENERAL PRACTITIONERSGOVERNMENT POLICIESHEALTH BUDGETSHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE COSTSHEALTH CARE EXPENDITURESHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONSHEALTH CARE PROVISIONHEALTH CARE SECTORHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CARE SYSTEM OUTCOMESHEALTH COSTSHEALTH COVERAGEHEALTH ECONOMICSHEALTH ECONOMISTSHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH MANPOWERHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICIESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH PROFESSIONSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENINGHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCHHEALTH WORKFORCEHIGH WAGESHOSPITALSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESILLNESSINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME EFFECTINDUCED DEMANDINFORMAL CAREINFORMAL ECONOMIESINFORMAL PAYMENTSINSURERSINTERVENTIONISOLATIONLABOR DEMANDLABOR ECONOMICSLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET ISSUESLABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR SHORTAGELABOR SUPPLYLABOURLEISURE TIMELIFE YEARSLIVING STANDARDSLOW INCOMELOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMANAGED CAREMARGINAL COSTMARGINAL VALUEMARKET FAILURESMARKET WAGEMARKET WAGESMEDICAL ASSOCIATIONMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL DEVICESMEDICAL EDUCATIONMEDICAL RESEARCHMEDICAL SPECIALISTSMEDICAL SPECIALTIESMEDICAL TRAININGMEDICATIONMEDICINESMIGRATIONMINIMUM WAGESMORTALITYMOTIVATIONNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL HEALTH SERVICENURSESNURSINGNUTRITIONOCCUPATIONSOUTPUTSPATIENTPATIENTSPHYSICIANPHYSICIANSPRICE CONTROLSPRICE ELASTICITYPRIMARY CAREPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTORSPRODUCTION PROCESSPRODUCTIVITYPSYCHOLOGISTSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC HEALTH WORKERSPUBLIC SECTORQUALITY OF CARERESEARCH PROGRAMRETIREMENTSERVANTSSEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASESSOCIAL RESEARCHSUPPLY OF DOCTORSSUPPLY OF HEALTH CARESURGERYSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTRADE UNIONSTREATMENT DECISIONSTREATMENTSUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTVISITSWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGE FLEXIBILITYWASTEWORKERSWORKFORCE PLANNINGWORKING HOURS10.1596/978-1-4648-0224-9