Tesliuc, Emil DanielMilazzo, Annamaria2012-08-132012-08-132007-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11770Social Protection (SP) and Social Safety Net (SSN) programs channel a large amount of public resources, it is important to make sure that these reach the intended beneficiaries. Error, fraud, or corruption (EFC) reduces the economic efficiency of these interventions by decreasing the amount of money that goes to the intended beneficiaries, and erodes the political support for the program. While no program is immune to EFC, evidence from developed countries demonstrates that such leakage can be brought to negligible levels. In five Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (UK, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and USA) this fraction is between 2-5 percent for the SP sector as a whole. For SSN programs, which use more complex eligibility criteria and hence are more prone to EFC, this fraction is 10 percent. To achieve these results, programs have implemented a number of measures reviewed in this note. In contrast, efforts to combat or even measure EFC are quite rare in developing countries, although some programs are plagued by it.CC BY 3.0 IGOABUSEABUSESACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGADMINISTRATIVE COSTADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURESADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSESASSETSAUDIT OFFICEAUDITORBANK ACCOUNTSBENEFICIARIESBENEFICIARYBRIBERYBUDGET CONSTRAINTSCALL CENTERSCASH FLOWSCASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFERSCHECKSCIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCLAIMCLAIMANTCLAIMANTSCOMPLAINTCOMPLAINTSCONFIDENCECORRUPTIONCREDIBILITYCREDIT PROGRAMCRIMINALDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISABILITY INSURANCEDISABILITY PENSIONDISCRETIONDUE PROCESSECONOMIC EFFICIENCYERROR CONTROLEXPENDITUREFALSE STATEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFRAUDFRAUDULENT CLAIMSGENERAL PUBLICHEALTH CAREILLEGAL PAYMENTSIMPLEMENTING AGENCYIMPROPER PAYMENTSINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMSINNOVATIONSINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSURANCEINTEGRITYINTERNAL AUDITINVESTIGATIONINVESTIGATIONSINVESTINGKICKBACKSLOCAL GOVERNMENTMATCHING STRATEGIESMATERIALMATURITYOFFENSESOLD-AGE PENSIONOLD-AGE PENSIONSOPPORTUNITY COSTOPPORTUNITY COSTSPENALTIESPOLICEPOLICE OFFICERSPROCUREMENTPROGRAMSPROSECUTIONSPROSECUTORPUBLIC SPENDINGRATESREGISTRATION PROCESSREGISTRYREMEDIESRESULTSRETURNSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSALARYSANCTIONSSAVINGSSERVICE CONTRACTSSERVICE DELIVERYSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMSOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMSTARGETSTELEPHONETIME PERIODTRAINING COURSETRANSPARENCYTREASURYUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNIQUE IDENTIFIERSVERIFICATIONWorld Bank10.1596/11770