Boulhane, OthmaneBoxho, ClaireKanga, DésiréKoussoube, EstelleRouanet, Léa2024-03-132024-03-132024-03-13https://hdl.handle.net/10986/41185This study uses a cluster-randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a large-scale women and girls empowerment program on sexual and reproductive health and empowerment outcomes in Côte d’Ivoire. The study assesses and compares the impact of diverse strategies aimed at equipping girls with life skills and sexual and reproductive health knowledge, provided through well-established safe spaces, in isolation or in combination with livelihood support interventions, or with initiatives designed to engage boys and men and community and religious leaders. The findings show that one year after the end of the interventions, safe spaces alone have a moderate impact on girls’ empowerment, while safe spaces combined with husbands’ and future husbands’ clubs are the most impactful. Combining safe spaces with livelihood support interventions leads to improvements in adolescent girls’ employment outcomes, as expected. Finally, the findings show that engaging leaders in the context of safe spaces interventions yields mixed results on girls’ empowerment.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADOLESCENT GIRLSSAFE SPACESHUSBANDS’ CLUBSINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESRANDOMIZED EXPERIMENTGENDER EQUALITYSDG 5AFRICA GENDER POLICYGENDER INNOVATION LABWOMEN AND YOUTH EMPLOYMENTWOMEN AND SOCIAL NORMSWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-10721