Schaeffer, RobertoSzklo, Alexandrede Gouvello, Christophe2017-08-152017-08-152010https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27849This report synthesizes the findings for the energy sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbon study, which was undertaken by the World Bank in its initiative to support Brazil's integrated effort towards reducing national and global emissions of greenhouse gases while promoting long term development. The main aim of the study is to examine the potential for abating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Brazil in the energy area and to assess the relative costs of doing so for the time frame 2010-2030. Basically the study seeks to demonstrate by how much, by when and at what cost Brazil could reduce its GHG energy sector emissions. Given its special features, the fuel use and emissions of greenhouse gases in the transportation sector are dealt with in another report of this project. In addition the study aims to provide information for the Brazilian government to enable it to develop a long-term strategy (2030) for reducing carbon in the energy area (except the transport sector) and, more specifically, to provide the technical input needed for evaluating the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by the key economic sectors. In short, the study seeks to identify the different options and opportunities that could justify possible international resources being allocated to Brazil. The teams involved in the study needed first to focus on the proposed mitigation and carbon sequestering options and then, after identifying these proposals, to focus on existing barriers to the successful deployment of these options and suggest a set of public policies which could be mobilized to overcome them. The study also provides estimates of the scale of investments and operating costs likely to be involved, as well as a mitigation cost curve.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT COSTSAIRAIR RESOURCESALTERNATIVE ENERGYALUMINUMANNUAL COSTANNUAL EMISSIONAPPROACHATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONSAVAILABILITYBARRELS PER DAYBIO-FUELSBIOMASSBIOMASS EMISSIONSBIOMASS ETHANOLBIOMASS RESIDUESBLACK LIQUORBLAST FURNACECALCULATIONCARBCARBONCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON EMISSIONSCARBON MITIGATIONCARBON PRICECELLULOSECEMENTCHEMICALSCLEAN AIRCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COALCOAL PLANTSCOGENERATIONCOLORSCOMBUSTIBLE BIOMASSCONSUMER DEMANDCONSUMPTION OF ENERGYCONSUMPTION OF FOSSILCOST OF ELECTRICITYCOST OF ETHANOLCOSTS OF ABATEMENTDEFORESTATIONDEMAND FOR ENERGYDIESELDISCOUNT RATEDISCOUNT RATESDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDOMESTIC ENERGYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC GROWTH RATEECONOMIC MODELECONOMIC SECTORSELECTRIC ENERGYELECTRIC MOTORSELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER GENERATIONELECTRIC POWER PLANTSELECTRICAL SYSTEMELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SECTORELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY SYSTEMEMISSIONEMISSION BASELINEEMISSION FACTOREMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIALEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONS ABATEMENTEMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONEMISSIONS GROWTHEMISSIONS LEVELSEMISSIONS MITIGATIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSEMISSIONS SCENARIOSEND-USEEND-USE CONSUMPTIONEND-USESENERGY BALANCEENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DATAENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY MIXENERGY PLANNINGENERGY POLICIESENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY RESEARCHENERGY RESOURCESENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SOURCESENERGY SUPPLYENERGY SYSTEMENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYETHANOLETHYL ALCOHOLFINANCIAL SUPPORTFORESTRYFORESTSFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUELSFOSSIL SOURCESFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFUEL COSTSFUEL OILFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUEL USEFUEL WOODGASGAS SUPPLYGASESGASOLINEGHGGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL EMISSIONSGREEN HOUSE GASESGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESHEATHYDRO POWERHYDROELECTRIC PLANTSHYDROELECTRIC POTENTIALHYDROELECTRIC POWERHYDROLYSISHYDROPOWERINCOMEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYIPCCIRONKILOWATT HOURLAND USELAND USE CHANGELAND-USE CHANGELOW-CARBONMARGINAL ABATEMENTMARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTMARGINAL COSTMARGINAL COST OF ABATEMENTMETALSMITIGATION POTENTIALMMAN2ONATIONAL GRIDNATURAL GASNEGATIVE IMPACTSNET COSTNEW PLANTSNH3NOXNUCLEAR ENERGYNUCLEAR FACILITIESNUCLEAR PLANTSOIL REFINERIESOIL REFININGOXYGENPEPERFORMANCE STANDARDSPETPETROLEUMPETROLEUM COKEPLANT PRODUCINGPORTFOLIOPOWERPOWER SECTORPRESENT VALUEPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLYPRODUCTION OF ETHANOLPVCREDUCTION OF EMISSIONSREFINED PRODUCTSREFINERY FUELREFINERY SECTORRENEWABLE BIOMASSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATIONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE SOURCESRESERVOIRSRESIDENTIAL ENERGYSODIUMSODIUM CHLORIDESOLAR ENERGYSUGARCANESUGARCANE PRODUCTIONSULPHURSULPHUR DIESELSUPPLY OF BIOMASSSUPPLY OF ELECTRICITYSUPPLY SIDESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYSUSTAINABLE USETHERMAL PLANTSTONS OF CARBONTONS OF PETROLEUM EQUIVALENTTOTAL CONSUMPTIONTOTAL COSTSTOTAL ELECTRICITY GENERATIONTOTAL EMISSIONSTRANSMISSION CAPACITYTRANSMISSION LINETRANSPORT SECTORTREE PLANTATIONSVEHICLESVOLUNTARY AGREEMENTSWASTEWINDWIND CAPACITYWIND ENERGYWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/27849