World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192009-05-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3102Municipalities in Mozambique were established by law in 1997 and elected in 1998 for the first time, only a few years after the peace agreement. Most inherited archaic and dysfunctional remnants of colonial and central government systems and infrastructure, and as such limited progress was achieved in transforming them into functioning local governments during the first mandate (1998-2002). During the second mandate (2003-2008), however, significant improvements were seen as municipalities began to grasp the nettle of local governance and some service delivery challenges. By the end of their first decade most municipalities have reorganized themselves to some extent and a number have undertaken initiatives that are beginning to bear fruit. There remains a long way to go, however, before municipalities will be robust enough to deliver quality local services to meet growing demand. There is a danger that the pace of municipal technical and financial capacity development will be overtaken by the growing municipal population and by transfers of additional mandates. Municipalities, central government, and the Association of Municipalities (ANAMM) need to support municipalities to perform their potentially significant role in improving living conditions, stimulating growth and cementing meaningful democracy in Mozambique. This study provides the first integrated assessment of the challenges of local development and service delivery through a municipal lens. It diagnoses the underlying systemic constraints facing municipalities, discusses some of the specific service delivery challenges of the municipalities, and it sets out recommendations for both central and municipal governments to tackle some of these constraints within an integrated and systemic framework.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO LANDACCESS TO SERVICESACCOUNTABILITYAFFORDABLE WATERASSETSASSETS FOR WATERAUTONOMYBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBASIC SANITATIONBULLETINBUSINESS LICENSESCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITALSCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCITIESCITIZENCITIZEN PARTICIPATIONCITIZENSCITIZENSHIPCITY CONSULTATIONSCITY COUNCILSCITY SIZECIVIL SERVICECIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCOMMUNITY WELLCULTURAL DEVELOPMENTDECENTRALIZATIONDEMAND FOR SERVICESDEMOCRACYDEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSDEPRECIATIONDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT PLANNINGDEVELOPMENT PLANSECONOMIC ANALYSISELECTRICITYEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSFISCAL POLICIESFOOD SECURITYFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE INDICATORSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH RATES OF POPULATIONHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSINGHUMAN SETTLEMENTSINSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTSINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERSINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINVESTMENT REQUIREMENTSJOB CREATIONJOB TRAININGLABOR MARKETLAND TENURELAND USELAWSLEGISLATIONLIMITED RESOURCESLITERACY RATESLIVING CONDITIONSLOCAL DEVELOPMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL LEVELLOCAL OFFICIALSLOCAL SERVICESMALARIAMANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMANDATESMATERIAL RESOURCESMAYORSMDPMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM CHALLENGEMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORTALITYMORTALITY RATESMUNICIPALMUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONMUNICIPAL AUTHORITIESMUNICIPAL COUNCILMUNICIPAL COUNCILSMUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENTMUNICIPAL ELECTIONSMUNICIPAL FINANCEMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPAL LEVELMUNICIPAL MANAGEMENTMUNICIPAL OFFICIALSMUNICIPAL PERFORMANCEMUNICIPAL RESPONSIBILITIESMUNICIPAL SYSTEMMUNICIPALITIESMUNICIPALITYNATIONAL GOVERNMENTNATIONAL LEGISLATIONNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL WATER DIRECTORATENUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDSOPERATIONAL CAPACITYPEACEPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL INSTITUTIONSPOLITICAL PARTICIPATIONPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION ESTIMATESPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATESPOPULATION SIZEPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPRACTITIONERSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE OPERATORSPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPROPERTY TAXESPROPERTY TRANSFERSPROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTPROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTSPROVISION OF SERVICESPROVISIONSPUBLICPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENTPUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONPUBLIC SECTOR REFORMPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICE PROVISIONPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC WORKSQUALITY OF LIFERADIORECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTIONRESOURCE CONSTRAINTSRESOURCE LIMITATIONSRESPECTREVENUE COLLECTIONROADSRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL GROWTHRURAL POVERTYRURAL TOWNSSANITATIONSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION SERVICESAVINGSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSSMALL TOWNSMALL TOWNSSOCIAL ACTIONSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WELFARESOLID WASTESOLID WASTE COLLECTIONSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSPATIAL PLANNINGSTATE INTERVENTIONSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTTAXTAX LAWTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL CAPACITYTOWNTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN GOVERNANCEURBAN GROWTHURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN LAND MANAGEMENTURBAN MIGRATIONURBAN PLANNINGURBAN POORURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POPULATION GROWTHURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN POVERTYURBAN SANITATIONURBAN SERVICESURBAN SETTLEMENTSURBAN WATERURBANIZATIONUTILITIESVEHICLE TAXESWARWATER DEPARTMENTWATER SUPPLYWOMANWORKING POPULATIONWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/3102