World Bank2013-08-162013-08-162000-01-27https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15138As Turkey faces the 21st century, it must confront a series of critical policy questions: Can it continue to make progress in the fight against poverty? Is it possible to accelerate this improvement, which given Turkish growth rates, has been disappointing? What needs to be done to ensure that GDP growth pays off in terms of broad-based increases in employment and wages? Is it realistic to envision a future growth path in which 40 percent of employment remains in the agriculture sector? Can the widening of disparities between regions somehow be reversed? This report recommends the key elements of a strategy to improve living standards and reduce poverty include: 1) Provide a macroeconomic environment that is conducive to growth and price stability. 2) Remove biases against employment creation outside of agriculture. 3) Facilitate the outflow of resources from agriculture and provide a basis for productivity growth in the sector. 4) Invest in education, and especially in that or poor children. 5) Reallocate Government expenditures so that they are better targeted to the economically vulnerable.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOECONOMIC REFORMPOVERTY REDUCTIONJOB CREATIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEDUCATION & THE POORWOMEN WORKERSSOCIAL INEQUALITYLIVING STANDARDS INDICATORSPOVERTY & GENDERLABOR MARKETSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESSOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMSEDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY ABSOLUTE POVERTYABSOLUTE SENSEAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTANNUAL GROWTHANNUAL GROWTH RATEANNUAL INCOMEANNUAL RATEAVERAGE CONSUMPTIONCAPITAL FORMATIONCAPITAL INVESTMENTCASE STUDIESCENSUS DATACITIZENSCONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTIONCPICURRENCY UNITDATA SOURCESDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGESDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC REFORMSECONOMIES OF SCALEEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT STATUSEXCHANGE RATEEXPENDITURE SURVEYFEMALE LITERACYFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFINANCIAL ASSETSFOOD BASKETGENDER BIASGENDER GAPSGINI COEFFICIENTGINI INDEXGNPGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGROWTH COMPONENTGROWTH EFFECTGROWTH PATHGROWTH PERFORMANCEGROWTH RATESHEALTH CAREHEALTH SERVICESHIGH INFLATIONHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME DATAINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME HOUSEHOLDSINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME LEVELINCOME LEVELSINCOME POVERTYINCOME QUINTILESINDEXATIONINDIVIDUAL POVERTYINEQUALITY MEASURESINFANT MORTALITYINFLATIONINFORMAL ACTIVITIESINSURANCEINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINVESTMENT RATESLABOR COSTSLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR FORCE SURVEYLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET REGULATIONSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLIFE EXPECTANCYLITERACY RATESLIVING STANDARDSMEDIAN INCOMEMEDICAL INSURANCEMEDICAL INSURANCE COVERAGEMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRYNATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATIONAL AVERAGEOUTPUT GROWTHPENSION SYSTEMPER CAPITA INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOME LEVELSPOLICY VARIABLESPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR PERFORMANCEPOOR PERSONPOOR POPULATIONPOVERTY CHANGEPOVERTY INDICATORSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY PROFILEPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY RISKPOVERTY RISKSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERSPRIVATE SECTORSPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC SECTORRAPID GROWTHREAL EXCHANGE RATEREAL INCOMESREAL INTEREST RATESREAL WAGESREDUCING POVERTYREGIONAL DISPARITIESREGIONAL DISTRIBUTIONRELATIVE INCOMERELATIVE POVERTYRISING DEMANDRURAL AREASRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSECTOR EMPLOYMENTSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL GROUPSSOCIAL INDICATORSSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WELFARETEAM MEMBERSUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNEQUAL COUNTRIESURBAN AREASURBAN POVERTYWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGESWATER SUPPLYWORKING POORWorld Bank10.1596/15138