van de Walle, DominiqueRavallion, Martin2012-06-252012-06-252006-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8956In the wake of reforms to establish a free market in land-use rights, Vietnam is experiencing a pronounced rise in rural landlessness. To some observers this is a harmless by-product of a more efficient economy, while to others it signals the return of the pre-socialist class-structure, with the rural landless at the bottom of the economic ladder. The authors' theoretical model suggests that removing restrictions on land markets will increase landlessness among the poor, but that there will be both gainers and losers, with uncertain impacts on aggregate poverty. Empirically, they find that landlessness is less likely for the poor and that the observed rise in landlessness is poverty reducing on balance. However, there are marked regional differences, notably between the north and the south.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGGREGATE POVERTYAGRARIAN REFORMAGRARIAN STRUCTUREAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL WAGEAGRICULTUREALLOCATION OF LANDASSET POVERTYCONCENTRATION OF LANDCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURECONSUMPTION MEASURECREDIT MARKETSCULTIVATED LANDDECLINE IN POVERTYDEVELOPMENT PROJECTSDISTRIBUTION OF LANDDIVERSIFICATIONECONOMIC EFFICIENCYFARM ACTIVITIESFARM ACTIVITYFARM OUTPUTFARM PRODUCTIONFARMERFARMERSFARMLANDFARMSFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD OUTPUTHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITAHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOMEINEQUALITYINSURANCELAND CONSOLIDATIONLAND DEMANDLAND HOLDINGSLAND INEQUALITYLAND LAWLAND MARKETSLAND OWNERSHIPLAND REFORMLAND REFORMSLAND TENURELAND TENURE REFORMLAND TITLESLANDLESS HOUSEHOLDSLANDLESS LABORERSLANDLESSNESSLIVELIHOODSLIVING STANDARDSLOW LIVING STANDARDSMOUNTAINOUS AREASPOORPOOR FARMERSPOST- REFORMPOST-REFORMPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY REDUCINGPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIVATE OWNERSHIPPUBLIC WORKSRESIDENTIAL LANDRURALRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITYRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL WORKERSSCHOOLINGSOUTH ASIANTRANSITION ECONOMIESUNEMPLOYMENTWAGE RATESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3871