Atamanov, AzizHoogeveen, JohannesReese, Benjamin2024-01-292024-01-292024-01-29https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40974When host countries allow refugees to earn income, two main groups benefit: refugees, who become financially autonomous, and international institutions that can reduce the humanitarian aid that would otherwise be needed to support refugees. Uganda is one of the more progressive countries when it comes to promoting the financial independence of refugees and shifting from humanitarian aid to development ways of working. This note considers how successful refugees in Uganda have been in becoming financially independent and estimates how assistance has been saved due to these efforts at economic inclusion. Using the international poverty line of US$2.15 in 2017 purchasing power parities to proxy the costs of basic needs, the results suggest that the amount of total aid needed was reduced by almost 45 percent. They also show that many refugees live in poverty, implying that the present combination of aid and work is inadequate to assure a decent standard of living. While more assistance is needed in the short run, reductions in development assistance are feasible but require upfront investments in refugee earning capacity to realize them.enCC BY 3.0 IGOREFUGEESHUMANITARIAN AIDSELF-RELIANCELABOR MARKET INCLUSIONFINANCIAL INCLUSIONDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE NEEDDISPLACEMENTWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-10679