Independent Evaluation Group2012-03-192012-03-192010978-0-8213-8393-3https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2485The amount of available water has been constant for millennia, but over time the planet has added 6 billion people. Water is essential to human life and enterprise, and the increasing strains on available water resources threaten the mission of institutions dedicated to economic development. The ultimate goal is to achieve a sustainable balance between the resources available and the societal requirement for water. In this evaluation the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) examines all the water-related projects financed by the World Bank between fiscal 1997 and the end of calendar 2007. Bank activities related to water are large, growing, and integrated. They include water resources management, water supply and sanitation, and activities related to agricultural water, industrial water, energy generation, and water in the environment. Through both lending and grants, the World Bank (the International Development Association and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, or IBRD) has supported countries in many water-related sectors. This evaluation examines the full scope of that support over the period from fiscal 1997 to the end of calendar 2007. More than 30 background studies prepared for the evaluation have analyzed Bank lending by thematic area and by activity type. The evaluation is by definition retrospective, but it identifies changes that will be necessary going forward, including those related to strengthening country-level institutions and increasing financial sustainability.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO DRINKING WATERACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATERACCESS TO WATERADEQUATE SANITATIONADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORTAFFORDABLE WATERAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL USERSAGRICULTURAL WATERAGRICULTURAL WATER USEALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIESAQUIFERAQUIFERSARID AREASARID REGIONSARTIFICIAL RECHARGEAVAILABILITY OF WATERAVAILABLE WATERAVAILABLE WATER RESOURCESBASIC SANITATIONBASINSBULK WATERBUNDCAPACITY BUILDINGCLEAN WATERCLEAN WATER SUPPLYCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGESCLIMATE VARIABILITYCOASTAL AREASCOASTAL ZONESCOASTSCOMPETITION FOR WATERCONSERVATIONCOST OF WATERCOST RECOVERYCOST RECOVERY SYSTEMSCOVERINGCUBIC METERSDAM CONSTRUCTIONDAMSDECISION MAKINGDEGRADED ENVIRONMENTSDEMAND FOR WATERDISTRIBUTION OF WATERDRAINAGEDROUGHTEFFECTIVE DEMANDENGINEERINGENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGENVIRONMENTAL FLOWSENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESEROSIONEVAPOTRANSPIRATIONFARMERSFLOOD CONTROLFLOOD PROTECTIONFLOODINGFLOODSFRESHWATERFRESHWATER RESOURCESFUTURE WATER NEEDSGLACIERSGLOBAL WATER CRISISGLOBAL WATER PARTNERSHIPGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER DATAGROUNDWATER ISSUESGROUNDWATER MANAGEMENTGROUNDWATER PROJECTSHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONSHOUSEHOLDSHYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIAL USEINDUSTRIAL WATERINTERNATIONAL WATERIRRIGATIONIRRIGATION WATERLAKESLAND USELOCAL CAPACITYLOCAL PRIVATE SECTORMANAGEMENT OF WATERMANAGING WATER RESOURCESMANGROVEMANGROVESMETERINGNONPOINT SOURCENONPOINT SOURCESNUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESSOPERATION OF WATER SYSTEMSPAYMENT FOR WATERPIPED WATERPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CONTROLPOPULATION CENTERSPOPULATION GROWTHPRESSUREPRIVATE FINANCINGPROVISION OF WATERRAINFALLRAINFALL PATTERNSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREMOTE SENSINGRENEWABLE WATER RESOURCESRIPARIANRIPARIAN STATESRIVER BASINRIVER BASIN MANAGEMENTRIVERSRURAL WATERSAFE WATERSAFE WATER SUPPLYSALINITYSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SERVICESSANITATION UTILITIESSANITATION WATERSCARCE WATERSCIENCESSEASERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE QUALITYSHIPSSPRINGSTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATIONTRANSPARENCYTREATMENT PLANTSURBAN AREASURBAN WATERUSE OF WATERUTILITY OPERATIONSWASTEWATERWASTEWATER TREATMENTWATER AVAILABILITYWATER CHARGESWATER CONNECTIONSWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER COVERAGEWATER CRISESWATER DEMANDWATER DEMAND MANAGEMENTWATER FLOWSWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWATER LEVELSWATER MONITORINGWATER POLICYWATER PRICINGWATER PROGRAMSWATER PROJECTSWATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTWATER REQUIREMENTSWATER RESERVOIRSWATER RESOURCEWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWATER RESOURCESWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER RIGHTSWATER SCARCITYWATER SECTORWATER SERVICEWATER SERVICE DELIVERYWATER SERVICESWATER SHORTAGESWATER SOURCEWATER STRATEGYWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY PROJECTSWATER SUPPLY SERVICESWATER TARIFFSWATER USAGEWATER USEWATER USESWATER UTILITIESWATERSHEDWATERSHED MANAGEMENTWATERWAYSWETLANDSWorld Bank