Souter, DavidAdam, LishanJagun, AbiodunTusubira, Tusu2014-07-232014-07-232014https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19018Trade is critically important to Africa's economic prospects, as a source of revenue, investment and employment, yet Africa's trade is highly fragmented and the weakness of its trade performance constrains growth and poverty reduction. Africa today generates only about 2.5-3.5 per cent of world trade. African countries mostly export primary commodities while importing manufactured goods, from Europe, North America or developing regions outside Africa. Only about 10 per cent of Africa's trade is exchanged within the continent, a much lower proportion than in other world regions. Small domestic markets, landlocked status and limited natural resources restrict the trade potential of many countries. These structural factors inhibit the development of manufacturing sectors which could supply both African and world markets. Trade barriers are strongest at critical points along the supply chain between producers and consumers of goods and services, particularly points of entry/exit between countries.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMSAIRAIRPORTAIRPORTSAUTHENTICATIONAUTOMATIONBACKBONESBEST PRACTICEBILATERAL TRADEBORDER CROSSINGSBORDER INFRASTRUCTUREBORDER MANAGEMENTBOTTLENECKSBROADBANDBUSINESS INFORMATIONBUSINESS INTERACTIONBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESBUSINESS PARTNERSBUSINESS PROCESSBUSINESS STAKEHOLDERSBUSINESSESCAPABILITIESCAPACITY DEVELOPMENTCAPACITY-BUILDINGCLIMATE CHANGECOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMMON MARKETCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKSCOMPETITIVENESSCONNECTIVITYCOUNTRY OF ORIGINCROSS-BORDER TRADECUSTOMCUSTOM UNIONSCUSTOMSCUSTOMS ADMINISTRATIONCUSTOMS ADMINISTRATIONSCUSTOMS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMCUSTOMS REVENUECUSTOMS UNIONSDATA ENTRYDATA INTEGRITYDATA NETWORKSDATA TRANSMISSIONDELIVERY OF GOODSDEVELOPING REGIONSDIGITAL DATADIGITAL FORMATSDOMESTIC MARKETSDRIVINGE-COMMERCEECOMMERCEECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC INTEGRATIONELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONSENABLING ENVIRONMENTENTRY POINTENTRY POINTSENVIRONMENT FOR ECOMMERCEEXPORT OPPORTUNITIESEXPORTSEXTERNAL TARIFFFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFLOW OF GOODSFREE TRADEFREE TRADE ZONEFREE TRADE ZONESFREIGHTFREIGHT FORWARDERSFREIGHT TRANSPORTGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMSGLOBAL TRADINGGOODS IN TRANSITGOVERNMENT SERVICESGPSHARMONIZATIONHUMAN CAPACITYICTIMPLEMENTATIONSIMPORTSINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIESINFORMATION PORTALSINFORMATION SERVICESINNOVATIONINSPECTIONINSPECTIONSINSURANCEINTERFACEINTERFACESINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONSJOB CREATIONJOINT VENTURESLIBERALIZATIONMANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMANUFACTURINGMARKET OPPORTUNITIESMICROPAYMENTSMOBILE NETWORKSMOBILE PHONEMOBILE TRANSACTIONSMOVEMENT OF GOODSNATURAL RESOURCESNETWORKSNEW MARKETSNON-TARIFF BARRIERSONLINE PAYMENTSORDER TRANSACTIONPAYMENT ORDERPAYMENT SYSTEMSPCSPDFPOLICY FRAMEWORKPORT ADMINISTRATIONSPORT AUTHORITYPOTENTIAL BENEFITSPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPROCUREMENTPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSRADIORADIO FREQUENCYRADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATIONRAILWAYSRAPID GROWTHREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL LEVELREGIONAL TRADEREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTRELIABILITYRESULTRESULTSRFIDROADSROUTEROUTESRULES OF ORIGINSINGLE ENTRY POINTSTANDARDIZATIONSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTTRACKING SYSTEMSTRADE BARRIERSTRADE FACILITATIONTRADE IN GOODSTRADE IN SERVICESTRADE INTEGRATIONTRADE LOGISTICSTRADE MARKTRADE PERFORMANCETRADE PROMOTIONTRADE ROUTESTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSITTRANSIT ROUTESTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT OPERATORSUSERUSERSUSESVERIFICATIONWORLD MARKETSWORLD TRADE10.1596/19018