Reinikka, RitvaSvensson, Jakob2014-05-052014-05-052003-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18164Reinikka and Svensson demonstrate that, with appropriate survey methods and interview techniques, it is possible to collect quantitative micro-level data on corruption. Public expenditure tracking surveys, service provider surveys, and enterprise surveys are highlighted with several applications. While often broader in scope, these surveys permit measurement of corruption at the level of individual agents, such as schools, health clinics, or firms. They also permit the study of mechanisms responsible for corruption, including leakage of funds and bribery, as data on corruption can be combined with other data collected in these surveys.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOSURVEYSCORRUPTIONPUBLIC EXPENDITURESSERVICE PROVIDERSENTERPRISESSCHOOLSFIRMSFUNDSINSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITURESHEALTH CAREBUREAUCRACYPAYROLL ACCOUNTABILITYANTI-CORRUPTIONANTICORRUPTIONAUDITINGBASIC EDUCATIONBENEFICIARIESBRIBERYBUDGET DECISIONSBUDGETARY ALLOCATIONSBUREAUCRACYBUSINESS DECISIONSCASH FLOWSCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCITIESCITIZENSCIVIL LIBERTIESCIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL SOCIETY INVOLVEMENTCLINICSCORRUPTIONCORRUPTION DATACOUNTRY AVERAGESCOUNTRY CHARACTERISTICSCOUNTRY DATACREDIBILITYDATA COLLECTIONDATA SOURCESDECENTRALIZATIONDISTRICTSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC POLICIESEDUCATION SECTORELECTORAL RULESEMPLOYMENTENTERPRISE SURVEYSFIGHTING CORRUPTIONFIGURESFISCALFOREIGN AIDFOREIGN POLICYFOREIGN TRADEGENERAL PRACTITIONERSGOVERNMENT INFORMATIONGOVERNMENT OFFICIALSGOVERNMENT REGULATIONSGOVERNMENT RESOURCESGOVERNMENT'S BUDGETGROWTH PERFORMANCEHEALTH CAREHEALTH POLICYHOSPITALSINCOMEINDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONINFORMAL PAYMENTSINFORMAL SECTORINSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINSTITUTIONAL REFORMSINTENDED BENEFICIARIESINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERSINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSLEARNINGLEGAL INSTITUTIONSLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL POLITICIANSMEASURING GOVERNANCEMIGRATIONOUTREACHPARENTSPHYSICIANSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL PROCESSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLSPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITYPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC FUNDINGPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC INFORMATIONPUBLIC OFFICIALSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICE PROVISIONPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC SUPPORTQUANTITATIVE DATARADIOREGULATORY SYSTEMSCHOOLSSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE EMPLOYMENTSERVICE PROVIDERSSICK LEAVETAX EXEMPTIONSTAXATIONTEACHERSUNOFFICIAL ECONOMYWORKERS10.1596/1813-9450-3071