World Bank2014-03-312014-03-312011-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17495Transition to a low carbon economy in Poland is a study by the World Bank for the Polish Government, supported by the UK Department for International Development and donors to the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). The study poses the question of how Poland, an European Union (EU) member state, an industrialized 'annex one' country for the purposes of international climate discussions, and an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member, can successfully transition to a low carbon economy as successfully as it underwent transition to a market economy in the early 1990s. Transition to a low carbon economy in Poland provides a detailed assessment of many aspects of a low carbon growth strategy for Poland, developing insights via a suite of models that should provide ongoing assistance to policymakers. These policymakers may find reassuring the main message that Poland's transition to a low carbon economy, while not free or simple is affordable. However, capturing the full package of technologically feasible and economically sensible abatement measures requires coordinated and early action by the government.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT COSTSABATEMENT MEASURESABATEMENT OPTIONSABATEMENT POLICIESABATEMENT POTENTIALACIDACID PRODUCTIONAIRAIR CONDITIONINGALLOWANCEALLOWANCE ALLOCATIONALUMINUMAMMONIAANNUAL EMISSIONSAPPROACHBASELINE EMISSIONSBIOGASBIOMASSCALCULATIONCAPITAL COSTSCAPSCARBONCARBON ABATEMENTCARBON CAPTURECARBON DIOXIDECARBON ECONOMYCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON ENERGYCARBON FINANCECARBON LEAKAGECARBON MARKETCARBON MODELINGCARBON PATHCARBON PRICECARBON PRICESCARBON SOURCECARBON TAXCARBON TECHNOLOGIESCARBON TRADINGCARBON TRANSPORTCARSCEMENTCHEMICAL PROCESSCHEMICAL PROCESSESCLEAN ENERGYCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE POLICYCLIMATE] POLICIESCLIMATIC CHANGECOCO2COALCOAL OILCOGENERATIONCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL ENERGYCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBSCOMPOSTINGCONSTANT EMISSIONSCONSUMPTION OF ENERGYCOST OF ABATEMENTDIESELDOMESTIC COALDOMESTIC ENERGYDOUBLE DIVIDENDDRIVERSDRIVINGECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPACTECONOMIC SECTORSEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELASTICITYELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY PRICESEMISSIONEMISSION ABATEMENTEMISSION ALLOWANCESEMISSION GROWTHEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION TARGETSEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION SOURCESEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONEMISSIONS FROM ROADEMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRANSPORTEMISSIONS GROWTHEMISSIONS INTENSITYEMISSIONS PROJECTIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMPLOYMENTEND-USEENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY INFRASTRUCTUREENERGY INTENSITYENERGY INTENSIVEENERGY PRICESENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY SECURITYENERGY SUPPLYENERGY-SAVING MEASURESEXPRESSWAYSFINANCIAL SAVINGSFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL ENERGYFOSSIL FUEL ENERGY INPUTSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFREE ALLOCATIONFREE EMISSIONFREIGHTFREIGHT SECTORFUEL COMBUSTIONFUEL COSTSFUEL EFFICIENCYFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUEL TAXFUEL TAX INCREASESFUELSGAS HEATINGGAS PRODUCTIONGAS USEGASIFICATIONGASOLINEGASOLINE PRICEGHGGLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATUREGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEATHEAT PUMPHEAT RECOVERYHEAVY DUTY VEHICLESHEAVY INDUSTRYHEAVY RELIANCEINCOMEINDIRECT EMISSIONSINDIRECT EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICITYINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL EMISSIONSINVESTMENT DECISIONSIRONJOBSLANDFILLLANDFILL GASLANDFILL ­ GASLEVEL OF EMISSIONSLOW CARBON ECONOMYLOW-CARBONLOWER COSTSLOWER ENERGY CONSUMPTIONMARGINAL ABATEMENTMARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTMARGINAL COSTMARGINAL COST OF ABATEMENTMARKET DISTORTIONSMARKET ECONOMYMETALSMILEAGEMOTOR VEHICLENATURAL GASNET COSTNUCLEAR POWEROIL EQUIVALENTOIL REFINERIESONSHORE WINDPER CAPITA INCOMEPETROCHEMICALSPETROLEUMPOLICY SCENARIOSPOPULATION GROWTHPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTSPOWER SECTORPOWER STATIONSPOWER SUPPLYPRESENT VALUEPRICE INCREASEPRICE OF INVESTMENT GOODSPROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONSREDUCTION IN EMISSIONSREGIONAL CARBONRELATIVE PRICERENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE POWERRENEWABLE POWER PRODUCTIONRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSRESIDENTIAL ENERGYREVENUE RECYCLINGROADROAD PRICINGROAD TRANSPORTROAD TRANSPORT SECTORSHADOW PRICESMALL HYDROPOWERSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTAX DISTORTIONTEMPERATURETONS OF CARBONTRAFFICTRANSPORT INDUSTRYTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORTATIONTRUCKSVEHICLEVEHICLE MODELVEHICLESWASTEWATER HEATINGWINDWIND COSTSWIND POWER10.1596/17495