Ranganathan, RupaBriceno-Garmendia, Cecilia M.2012-03-192012-03-192011-09-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3578Improvements in infrastructure across Sudan in recent years have contributed 1.7 percentage points to the country's per capita growth. Consistent with trends in other countries, the ICT revolution that swept Africa contributed more than any other sector to growth in Sudan. Raising the infrastructure endowment of all parts of Sudan to that of the region's best performer -- Mauritius -- could boost annual growth by about 3.5 percentage points. Sudan has heavily invested in infrastructure in recent years. Notable achievements include tripling power-generation capacity, liberalizing the ICT sector, and connecting to an undersea fiber-optic cable. Looking ahead, Sudan's most pressing infrastructure challenges lie in the water and transport sectors. In the water sector, the country needs to dramatically improve access to safe sources of water and sanitation while improving utility efficiency. In the transport sector the country needs to vastly expand rural and international connectivity and improve quality across the network. Sudan presently spends about $1.5 billion per year on infrastructure, with $580 million a year lost to inefficiencies. Even if the inefficiencies were eliminated, however, Sudan would face an infrastructure funding gap of $2.9 billion per year. This gap could be reduced by half by choosing lower-cost water, sanitation, and road-surfacing technologies, and could be bridged by continuing to capture financing from the private sector and abroad.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESSIBILITYADMINISTRATIVE COSTSAIRAIR SAFETYAIR TRANSPORTAIR TRANSPORT SECTORAIRCRAFTAIRPORTARTERIAL ROUTESARTERIESARTERYBACKBONEBACKBONESBANDWIDTHBARRIERS TO ENTRYBEST PRACTICESBILL COLLECTIONBORDER CROSSINGSBOTTLENECKSBRIDGEBROADBAND INFRASTRUCTUREBULK CARGOBUSINESS ACTIVITYCABLECABLE SYSTEMCABLE SYSTEMSCAPABILITYCAPITAL EXPENDITURECAPITAL EXPENSESCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCAPITAL PROJECTSCARCARBON EMISSIONSCARGOCARGO HANDLINGCARRIERSCOLLECTION OF BILLSCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMPETITIVE TRUCKING INDUSTRYCOMPETITIVENESSCONGESTIONCONGESTION PROBLEMSCONNECTIVITYCONSUMPTION OF POWERCONTAINER HANDLINGCONTAINER TERMINALCONTAINER TRAFFICCOST OF POWERCOST OF POWER PRODUCTIONCOST RECOVERYCOSTS OF POWERCROSSINGCUSTOMSCUSTOMS CLEARANCEDIGITAL SUBSCRIBERDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDOMESTIC TRAVELDRIVERSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MODELECONOMIC TARGETSEFFICIENT PORTSELECTRIC UTILITYELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITYELECTRICITY SUPPLYENERGY COSTSFARESFINANCIAL FLOWSFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL RESOURCESFIXED ASSETSFREIGHTFUELSGASGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATORSGLOBAL STANDARDGLOBAL STANDARDSGOVERNMENT SUBSIDIESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH PATTERNSHEAVY TRUCKSHIGHWAYHIGHWAY AUTHORITYHYDROPOWERICTINCREASE IN CAPACITYINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCEINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGINFRASTRUCTURE FUNDINGINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDERSINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINNOVATIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATIONINTERNATIONAL AVIATIONINTERNATIONAL GATEWAYSINTERNATIONAL TRAVELINVESTMENT TARGETSKILOWATT-HOURLENGTH OF ROADSLIMITED ACCESSLONG DISTANCELONG-DISTANCELORRIESMAINTENANCE OF WATERMARGINAL COSTSMARKET CONCENTRATIONMOBILE TELEPHONYMODE OF TRANSPORTMODERN FUELSMULTIMODAL TRANSPORTNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNETWORK OPERATORSNETWORKSO&MOILOIL INDUSTRYOIL PIPELINEOIL PRODUCTIONOIL RESOURCESOPEN ACCESSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYPDFPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPETROLEUMPHONEPORT AUTHORITYPORT CONGESTIONPORT INFRASTRUCTUREPORTSPOWERPOWER CONSUMPTIONPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER PLANTPOWER PRICESPOWER PRODUCTIONPOWER SECTORPOWER SECTORSPOWER SYSTEMSPOWER TRADEPRIVATE CAPITALPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE OPERATORSPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTIVITYPROFIT MARGINSPUBLIC POWERPUBLIC SECTORRAILROADREGIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREREGIONAL NETWORKREGIONAL TRANSPORTRESIDENTIAL CONSUMERSRESIDENTIAL USERSRESULTRESULTSREVENUE COLLECTIONROADROAD CONDITIONSROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD QUALITYROAD SECTORROAD TRAFFICROAD TRANSPORTROADSROUTEROUTESRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONRURAL ROADSSAFETY STANDARDSSANITATIONSANITATION SERVICESSANITATION UTILITIESSEA TRANSPORTSEAT CAPACITYSERVICE EXPANSIONSERVICE RELIABILITYSURFACE TRANSPORTTELECOMTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER GENERATIONTOLLSTRAFFIC VOLUMESTRANSITTRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION LINETRANSPORTTRANSPORT ACTIVITIESTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT FACILITIESTRANSPORT INDICATORSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTATIONTRAVEL TIMESTRIPTRUCK PROCESSINGTRUCKSURBAN ROADURBAN ROADSUSESVEHICLESVOICE TELEPHONYWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER INVESTMENTSWATER SERVICESWATER SUPPLY ASSETSWATER UTILITIESWEALTHWEBWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5815