Crooks, StephenHerr, DorothéeTamelander, JerkerLaffoley, DanVandever, Justin2014-05-142014-05-142011-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18318There is overwhelming consensus amongst climate scientists that the Earth's warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. To mitigate the most serious impacts of climate change a range of different strategies to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere are required. Building on outcomes and recommendations from various coastal carbon activities, this report explains the GHG dynamics of coastal wetlands and marine ecosystems (chapter two). The importance of coastal wetland and near-shore marine ecosystem carbon pools for climate change mitigation are described in chapter three, with a brief overview of the status of these systems, including drivers of change and implications of degradation of carbon pools, provided in Chapter four. Chapter five gives an overview of policy opportunities under ongoing United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations and through revision of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) carbon accounting methodologies and eligible mitigation activities for developing as well as developed countries. The main recommendations for action are summarized in chapter six.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACIDAFFORESTATIONAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTUREAIRAIR POLLUTIONAMMONIAANAEROBIC CONDITIONSANNUAL LOSSANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONSATMOSPHEREBACTERIABAYBEACHBIODIVERSITYBIOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATIONBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBIOMASSBIRDSBRACKISH MARSHESBRACKISH WETLANDSBURIED SEDIMENTSCARBON ACCOUNTINGCARBON ACCUMULATIONCARBON BALANCECARBON BUDGETCARBON CONTENTCARBON CYCLECARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FLOWSCARBON IN SOILSCARBON LOSSCARBON LOSSESCARBON MARKETSCARBON OFFSETCARBON POOLCARBON POOLSCARBON PRICESCARBON RELEASECARBON SEQUESTRATIONCARBON SEQUESTRATION CAPACITYCARBON SINKSCARBON STOCKCARBON STOCKSCARBON STORAGECARBON STORESCASE STUDIESCH4CLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCOCO2CO2 FLUXCOASTCOASTAL AREASCOASTAL ECOSYSTEMSCOASTAL LOWLANDSCOASTAL WETLAND SYSTEMSCOASTAL WETLANDSCOASTSCOMMERCIAL FISHERIESCONSERVATIONCONTINENTAL SHELFCORAL REEFSCROPLANDCURRENTSDATA COLLECTIONDEGRADED AREASDEGRADED ECOSYSTEMSDEGRADING WATER QUALITYDENITRIFICATIONDIVERGENCEDRAINAGEDREDGINGDRY WEIGHTECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONSECOLOGICAL INTEGRITYECOLOGICAL PROCESSESECOLOGICAL RESTORATIONECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM CARBONECOSYSTEMSEMISSIONEMISSION ESTIMATESEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION OBLIGATIONSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS ESTIMATESEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATIONEMISSIONS FROM SOURCESEMISSIONS INVENTORIESEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEROSIONESTIMATES OF EMISSIONSESTUARIESESTUARINEESTUARINE WATERSEUTROPHICATIONFISHFISHERIESFLOOD CONTROLFLOODINGFOOD PRODUCTIONFORESTFOREST AREAFOREST CARBONFOREST CARBON STOCKFOREST CARBON STOCKSFOREST DEGRADATIONFOREST MANAGEMENTFOREST RESTORATIONFOREST SECTORFOREST TYPESFORESTED WETLANDSFORESTRYFORESTRY ACTIVITIESFORESTSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFRESHWATERFRESHWATER SYSTEMSFRESHWATER WETLANDSGEOLOGICAL SURVEYGHGGHGSGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGRASSLANDSGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIESGREENHOUSE GASESHABITAT TYPESHABITATSHEAVY METALSHOUSINGHUMAN ACTIVITIESHYDROLOGYINTERTIDAL WETLANDSIPCCIRONLAND SUBSIDENCELAND USELAND USE CHANGELAND USESLANDFILLLOW-CARBONMANAGED FORESTSMANAGED WETLANDSMANGROVE FORESTMANGROVE FORESTSMANGROVESMARINE ENVIRONMENTSMARSHMEADOWSMETHANEMETHANE EMISSIONSMETHANE PRODUCTIONMITIGATIONMONTREAL PROTOCOLN2ONATIVE SPECIESNATURAL WETLANDNATURAL WETLANDSNITRATENITRIFICATIONNITRITENITROGENNITROUS OXIDENON-NATIVE SPECIESNUTRIENT CYCLINGNUTRIENTSOCEANSOIL PALMORGANIC CARBONORGANIC MATERIALORGANIC MATTERORGANIC SOILSOXIDATIONOXYGENPARTICULATEPEATPEAT SOILSPLANTATIONSPOLLUTANTSPRESERVATIONQUANTITATIVE ANALYSISRANGESRESERVOIRSRESTORATIONRESTORATION ACTIVITIESRESTORATION PROJECTSRESTORATION ­ ACTIONSRIVERRUNOFFSALINITYSALT MARSHSALT MARSH VEGETATIONSALT MARSHESSATELLITE IMAGESSATURATED SOILSATURATED SOIL CONDITIONSSATURATED SOILSSEA LEVEL RISESEA WATERSEAGRASS BEDSSEAGRASS HABITATSSEAGRASSESSEDIMENTSEDIMENTSSHORESHORELINESSINKSOIL CARBONSPECIESSULPHATESULPHURIC ACIDSURFACE CARBONSUSPENDED SEDIMENTSUSPENDED SEDIMENTSSWAMPSTERM RESTORATIONTIDAL FLATSTIDAL MARSHTIDAL MARSHESTIDAL WETLANDTIDAL WETLANDSUNEPVEGETATIONWATER TABLEWETLANDWETLAND CONVERSIONWETLAND CREATIONWETLAND DISTRIBUTIONWETLAND DRAINAGEWETLAND LOSSWETLAND MANAGEMENTWETLAND MANAGERSWETLAND RESTORATIONWETLAND SOILWETLAND SOILSWETLAND TYPESWETLANDS LOSSWETLANDS MANAGEMENTWETLANDS RESTORATIONWILDLIFEWIND10.1596/18318