World Bank2025-05-092025-05-092025-05-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43170Indigenous Peoples and their lands play a vital role in protecting forests and biomes from deforestation, conserving biodiversity, and regulating climate balance. However, they face centuries of marginalization, with challenges such as social inequality, lack of access to basic services, and growing threats, including illegal mining and land invasions. The World Bank recognizes that protecting Indigenous rights is crucial for sustainable development and, in close dialogue with Indigenous leaders and organizations, has developed a strategy focused on strengthening natural resource management, promoting sustainable livelihoods, and supporting the creation of a greener and more prosperous Amazon. This report provides an overview of the challenges faced by Indigenous Peoples in the Brazilian Amazon, as well as presents perspectives and recommendations aligned with the World Bank’s strategies in Brazil, aiming to expand the benefits and positive impacts of these initiatives.en-USCC BY-NC 3.0 IGOCLIMATE ACTIONINDIGEONUS PEOPLESBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONSOCIAL INEQUALITYReportWorld Bank10.1596/43170