World Bank2012-12-052012-12-052012-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11903This report investigates Egypt's regional economic growth, explores the causes for geographically unbalanced development, and proposes policy options to make unbalanced growth compatible with inclusive development. In Egypt, despite rapid progress in most welfare indicators in lagging regions, there are still substantial gaps in consumption and opportunities between growth poles and the rest of the country. This report's central proposal is adopting spatial integration as a development platform, in which the policy focus shifts from spreading out industrial location to spreading out access to basic public services and facilitating factor mobility, which will make growth more inclusive and development more balanced in Egypt. Egypt's new political environment provides an opportunity to examine this perennial problem from a new perspective. Adopting integration as a development platform is not simple because spatial disparities are spanned in three dimensions: urban/rural dichotomies, the upper Egypt/lower Egypt duality, and the differences between large metropolises and the rest of the country. This report first identifies the gaps in consumption and in opportunities, showing the stark contrasts between regions and how they evolve through time. It then explores the causes of the gaps, revealing a multiplicity of factors and exposing the complexity of the problem. Finally, the bulk of the report presents the policy options to address the integration challenges.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO MARKETSACCESS TO OPPORTUNITYACCESS TO SANITATIONACCESS TO SERVICESACCESSIBILITYACCESSIBILITY INDICESADEQUATE NUTRITIONAFFORDABLE HOUSINGAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAIRALLOCATION OF RESOURCESALLOCATIONS ACROSS REGIONSANTENATAL CAREBABIESBASIC EDUCATIONCAPITAL INVESTMENTCARCARIBBEAN REGIONCARSCITIZENSCLEAN WATERCONGESTIONCONGESTION COSTCONGESTION COSTSCONSUMPTION BASKETCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURECONSUMPTION PER CAPITACOST OF TRANSPORTCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCREDIT MARKETSDEMAND FOR ROAD TRAVELDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVESDEVELOPMENT PLANNINGDRIVINGEARLY CHILDHOODECONOMIES OF SCALEEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEFFECT OF CONGESTIONENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYEQUAL ACCESSEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYEXTERNALITIESEXTREMELY POOR HOUSEHOLDSFAMILIES WITH CHILDRENFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD PRODUCTIONGASOLINEGASOLINE PRICEGASOLINE TAXESHEALTH CAREHEALTH EXPENDITUREHIGH TRANSPORTHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSINGHOUSING ALTERNATIVESHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLEGAL PARKINGILLITERACYILLITERACY RATEIMMUNIZATIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINEQUALITYINFORMATION SYSTEMINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINSPECTIONINTERNAL MIGRATIONINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONLABOR FORCELAGGING REGIONSLAND ASSETSLAND MANAGEMENTLAND RECLAMATIONLAND SCARCITYLAND TITLINGLAND USELANDHOLDINGSLARGE CITIESLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL INFRASTRUCTURELOCAL ROADSMARITAL STATUSMASS TRANSITMETROPOLITAN REGIONMETROPOLITAN TRANSPORTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMIGRATION FLOWSMILEAGEMOBILITYMODAL SHIFTMORTALITYMOTHERNATAL CARENATIONAL LEVELNUMBER OF ADULTSNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF PEOPLENUTRITIONODOMETEROPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUALSPATRONAGEPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLLUTIONPOOR FAMILIESPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR PEOPLEPOOR PERSONPOOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDSPOPULATION DENSITIESPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION SIZEPOSTNATAL CAREPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRENATAL CAREPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLINGPROGRESSPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC TRANSPORTQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF LIFEQUALITY OF SERVICESRATE OF GROWTHRATES OF GROWTHREGIONAL ALLOCATIONREGIONAL COMPARISONREGIONAL CONTEXTREGIONAL DIFFERENCESREGIONAL DIMENSIONREGIONAL DISPARITIESREGIONAL DISPARITYREGIONAL DISTRIBUTIONREGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTHREGIONAL FACTORSREGIONAL GAPSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL LOCATIONREGIONAL PERSPECTIVEREMOTE LOCATIONSRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE ALLOCATIONSRESOURCE CONSTRAINTSRING ROADRISING CONSUMPTIONROADROAD CONGESTIONROAD DESIGNROAD IMPROVEMENTROAD NETWORKROAD QUALITYROADSRURAL AREASRURAL FAMILIESRURAL GAPRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL POPULATIONRURAL WELFARESANITATIONSCHOOL AGESCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOLINGSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSERVICE PROVISIONSMALL FARMERSMALL FARMERSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSPATIAL STRATEGIESSPILLOVERSUBSISTENCESUSTAINABLE GROWTHTAXTEACHER RATIOTOLLSTRAFFICTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION COSTSTRAVEL TIMETRAVEL TIMESTRIPSTRUEUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIVERSAL ACCESSUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONUPPER INCOME GROUPSURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN COMMUNITIESURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN MIGRATIONURBAN WOMENURBANIZATIONVACCINESVEHICLEVICIOUS CYCLEWEALTHWELFARE INDICATORWELFARE MEASURESWORKER PRODUCTIVITYWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWorld Bank10.1596/11903