Rama, Martín2013-12-192013-12-192002-09-01World Bank Research Observerhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16418Using data from Vietnam, this article describes several types of analysis that can be conducted before launching a major downsizing operation to identify possible gender effects. It draws several conclusions about Vietnam s downsizing reforms. First, although women s prospects of obtaining salaried jobs following displacement from state-owned enterprise worsened as a result of recent reforms, they are likely to improve in the near future. Second, reforms are associated with a sharp decline in the gender gap in earnings, both in and outside the state sector. Third, overstaffing is greatest in sectors in which most employees are men, such as construction, mining, and transportation; it is much less prevalent in sectors in which women dominate the work force, such as footwear, textiles, and garments. Fourth, training, and assistance programs to help redundant workers reveal no evidence of strong gender bias. Fifth, severance packages based on a multiple of earnings are more favorable to men, whereas lump sum packages favor women.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOALLOCATION OF RESOURCESATTRITIONBOTH SEXESCHILD CARECOMPENSATIONCOMPENSATION PACKAGECOMPENSATION PACKAGESCULTURAL CHANGEDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISPLACED WORKERSDISPLACEMENTDIVISION OF LABORDOWNSIZING PROGRAMEARLY RETIREMENTEARNINGS LOSSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSECONOMIC INSECURITYEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT HISTORYEMPLOYMENT LEVELEMPLOYMENT LEVELSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENEMPLOYMENT PATTERNEMPLOYMENT PROSPECTSEQUALITYFAMILIESFEMALEFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE WAGE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE WORKERFEMALE WORKERSGENDERGENDER BIASGENDER BIASESGENDER BREAKDOWNGENDER DISCRIMINATIONGENDER DIVISION OF LABORGENDER GAPGENDER IMPACTGENDER IMPLICATIONSGENDER ISSUESGENDER PERSPECTIVEGENDER RELATIONSGENDER STEREOTYPESGENDERSGOVERNMENT AGENCIESHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN RESOURCESINFORMAL SECTORINSURANCEINTENSIVE INDUSTRIESINTERNATIONAL MARKETSJOB DISPLACEMENTJOB LOSSJOB LOSSESJOB OPPORTUNITIESJOB SEPARATIONJOBSLABOR CODELABOR CONTRACTSLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR REDUNDANCIESLABOR REDUNDANCYLABOR-INTENSIVE GROWTHLABOURLABOUR OFFICELEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING STANDARDSMALE WORKERMALE WORKERSMARKET ECONOMYMASS LAYOFFSMATERNITY LEAVENATIONAL LEVELNUMBER OF WOMENNUMBER OF WORKERSOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONSOLD-AGEPENSIONPENSIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDERPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPRESENT VALUEPREVIOUS JOBPRIVATE FIRMSPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTION UNITSPRODUCTIVITYPROPORTION OF WOMENPUBLIC SECTOR DOWNSIZINGPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC SECTOR JOBSRESIDENCERESPECTRETIREMENT PROGRAMRETIREMENT PROGRAMSSALARIED EMPLOYMENTSALARIED WORKERSSELF-RELIANCESEVERANCE PAYMENTSSEXESSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL IMPACTSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL STATUSSOCIAL STATUS OF WOMENSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESSTATUS OF WOMENTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRAINING CENTERSTRAINING MATERIALTRAINING PROGRAMSTRAINING VOUCHERTRANSPORTATIONUNDPUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIFEMUNSKILLED LABORVOCATIONAL TRAININGVOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMSWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGE GAPWAGESWILLWORK EXPERIENCEWORK FORCEWORKERWORKERSWORKING HOURSWORKING-AGE POPULATIONJournal ArticleWorld Bank10.1596/16418