World Bank2012-05-292012-05-292008978-0-8213-7236-4https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6534This report complements Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development by looking at environmental health issues that affect child health broadly, while also exploring the links through malnutrition. This report argues that environmental health interventions are preventive measures that are imperative to improve child survival with sustainable results in the long term. Preventive measures, such as improving environmental conditions are effective in reducing a child's exposure to a disease agent and thereby averting infection. The overall aim of this report is to provide information to decision-makers on the optimal design of policies to help reduce premature deaths and illness in children under five years of age. To protect the health, development, and wellbeing of young children, decision-makers must identify and reduce environmental risk factors by providing appropriate interventions that prevent and diminish exposures. This study is intended to advance the understanding of what those risk factors are, when and how to reduce children's exposure to them, and how to mitigate their consequent health impact.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMEACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONSAGE DISTRIBUTIONAIR POLLUTIONANEMIAANOREXIAANTIMALARIAL RESISTANCEARIASPHYXIABIOLOGICAL FACTORSBLEEDINGBLINDBREASTFEEDINGBURDEN OF DISEASECASES OF DIARRHEACAUSES OF DEATHCEREBRAL MALARIACHEMOTHERAPYCHILD HEALTHCHILD MORTALITYCHILD SURVIVALCHILDBIRTHCHILDHOOD ILLNESSCHRONIC DISEASESCLIMATE CHANGECLINICAL TRIALSCOALCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONSCOHORT STUDIESCOLD CHAINCOMMUNITY ACTIONCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSESCYCLE OF POVERTYDEATH RATEDEHYDRATIONDELIVERY OF WATERDENGUEDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEWORMINGDIAGNOSISDIARRHEADIARRHEAL DISEASESDIETSDISABILITYDISEASE BURDENDISEASE SURVEILLANCEDISEASE TRANSMISSIONDISEASE TREATMENTDISSEMINATIONDRUG RESISTANCEDRUGSDYSENTERYEARLY CHILDHOODECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATIONENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL RISKENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED DISEASESEPIDEMICSEPIDEMIOLOGYEXERCISESEXTERNALITIESFETAL DEATHFETUSFOOD PRODUCTIONFORMULATION OF STRATEGIESGENDER EQUALITYGOOD GOVERNANCEGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHAZARDHAZARDSHEALTH BURDENHEALTH CAREHEALTH CONDITIONSHEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH IMPACTHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH LEGISLATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH RISKSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHELMINTHIASISHELMINTHSHIVHIV INFECTIONHIV TRANSMISSIONHOOKWORMHOOKWORM INFECTIONHOOKWORMSHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD LEVELHUMAN ACTIVITYHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSHYGIENEILLNESSESIMMUNE DEFICIENCYIMMUNE PREGNANT WOMENIMMUNITYIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNODEFICIENCYIMPAIRMENTSINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINDOOR AIR POLLUTIONINFECTIONINFECTION DURING PREGNANCYINFECTIONSINFECTIOUS DISEASESINFLAMMATIONINSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERVENTIONINTESTINAL PARASITESINTESTINAL WORMSIRONIRREVERSIBILITYLACK OF FOODLEADING CAUSESLEGAL STATUSLIVE BIRTHSLIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIESLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOSS OF APPETITELOW BIRTH WEIGHTLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMALABSORPTIONMALARIAMALARIA CONTROLMALARIA INFECTIONMALARIA INFECTIONSMALNOURISHED CHILDRENMALNUTRITIONMATERNAL DEATHSMATERNAL HEALTHMEASLESMEDICAL RESEARCHMEDICAL TREATMENTMENINGITISMETABOLISMMICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMORBIDITYMORBIDITY AND MORTALITYMORTALITYMORTALITY RATENATURAL RESOURCESNEGATIVE EFFECTSNEONATAL TETANUSNUTRITIONNUTRITIONAL STATUSOBESITYOLDER CHILDRENORAL REHYDRATIONORAL REHYDRATION THERAPYPANDEMICPARASITESPARASITIC INFECTIONSPARASITIC WORMSPATHOGENSPATIENTSPERINATAL MORTALITYPERSONAL HYGIENEPERTUSSISPNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONSPNEUMONIAPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLLUTIONPOOR HEALTHPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMANPREGNANT WOMENPRENATAL CAREPREVALENCEPRODUCTIVITYPROGNOSISPUBLIC HEALTHRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCES MANAGEMENTRISK FACTORSRISK OF MALARIAROTAVIRUSRUBELLARURAL DEVELOPMENTSAFE DRINKING WATERSANITARY CONDITIONSSANITATIONSCHISTOSOMIASISSLUM DWELLERSSMOKERSSUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTIONSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTRACHOMATROPICAL MEDICINETRYPANOSOMIASISTYPHOIDTYPHOID FEVERUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONURBAN AREASVACCINATIONVACCINATION CAMPAIGNSVACCINEVACCINESVECTOR CONTROLVICIOUS CYCLEVIRUSESVULNERABLE GROUPSWALKINGWASTEWASTE MANAGEMENTWEIGHT GAINWHOOPING COUGHWILLINGNESS TO PAYWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWORLD POPULATIONWTPYOUNG CHILDRENWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7236-4