Flochel, ThomasIkeda, YukiMoroz, HarryUmapathi, Nithin2015-11-182015-11-182014-08-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/23026This background paper was prepared for the East Asia Pacific aging report. The East Asia and Pacific region grew at an unparalleled rate in the past 50 years. This economic boom is partly attributable to unprecedented demographic changes in East Asia during this period. But demographics are only part of the story. The size of the economic bonus or burden which results from population aging depends on how policy influences labor force participation, savings, human capital accumulation and total factor productivity.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOPOPULATION AGE STRUCTURECHILD HEALTHCAREGIVERSFUTURE POPULATIONIMMIGRANTIMPACT OF POPULATIONFUTURE GROWTHUNEMPLOYMENT RATESWORKFORCEECONOMIC GROWTHOLDER MENWORKING-AGE POPULATIONURBANIZATIONOLD AGERICHER COUNTRIESEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESLABOR FORCEPOPULATION GROUPSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESHEALTH CAREIMMIGRANTSINDIVIDUAL CHOICESDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSADULT POPULATIONNUMBER OF PEOPLEFERTILITY TRENDSPOPULATION SIZEPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENTOLD-AGELONGER LIFEBABY BOOMINTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYWORK EXPERIENCEAVERAGE TOTAL FERTILITYPUBLIC POLICYDEMOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONSINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONLABOR MARKETDEMOGRAPHIC IMBALANCESRISING DEMANDGENDER GAPQUALITY OF EDUCATIONPERSPECTIVE ON POPULATIONTRAININGPOPULATION STRUCTUREJOB OPPORTUNITIESPOPULATION CHANGEEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTPOPULATION GROWTHLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESPOPULATION DIVISIONFERTILITY RATESINCOME INEQUALITYBABYEFFECTS OF POPULATIONAGE POPULATIONSINVESTMENT IN CHILDRENFERTILITY DECLINESDEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFERTILITY RATEMIGRATIONAGE DISTRIBUTIONGENDER NORMSRATES OF GROWTHELDERLY POPULATIONMARRIAGESOCIAL SECURITYDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSOLD- AGEMIGRANTSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTCURRENT POPULATIONMORTALITYHEALTH CARE SYSTEMFERTILITY PREFERENCESELDERLYWORKING-AGE POPULATIONSREGIONAL POPULATIONRESPECTPROGRESSEDUCATION SYSTEMSUNEMPLOYMENTPATTERNS OF CONSUMPTIONDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONHOUSEHOLD LEVELHUMAN CAPITALECOSYSTEMMIGRANTOLDER PEOPLEPOLICIESGENDER DIFFERENCESOLDER AGE GROUPSSCHOOL ATTENDANCEWOMANPENSIONSPURCHASING POWERDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESCIENTIFIC EVIDENCESAFETY NETCHANGES IN FERTILITYIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTIMPACTS OF POPULATIONFEWER CHILDRENECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF POPULATIONGLOBAL POPULATIONMIGRANT WORKERSPOPULATION RESEARCHNUTRITIONPOPULATIONSTEMPORARY MIGRANTSDECLINES IN MORTALITYTEMPORARY MIGRATIONOFFICIAL POPULATIONADOLESCENTSSECURITY POLICYPOPULATION ESTIMATESELDERLY PEOPLECHILDBEARINGPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOLICYOLDER WOMENHUMAN POPULATIONSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUNG AGESNUMBER OF WORKERSCHILDREN PER WOMANSOCIAL AFFAIRSBABIESSEXCONSEQUENCES OF POPULATIONDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESGOVERNMENT POLICIESPOPULOUS COUNTRYPOPULATION POLICYDECLINES IN FERTILITYUNITED NATIONS POPULATION ESTIMATESLABOUR FORCEYOUNG POPULATIONSPARENTAL LEAVEWORLD POPULATIONPOPULATION PROJECTIONSNUMBER OF CHILDRENFEMALE LABOR FORCEIMMIGRATIONECONOMIC OPPORTUNITYOLDER PERSONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSYOUNG PEOPLELOWER FERTILITYPOPULATIONLABOR SUPPLYSTUDENTSPURCHASING POWER PARITYPOLICY RESEARCHFOREIGN POLICYHOUSEHOLD DUTIESLOW FERTILITYFERTILITYOLDER ADULTSHOME COUNTRIESPOPULATION DATAWOMENHEALTHY LIFELABOR MARKETSLABOR FORCESSECONDARY EDUCATIONPOPULATION INCREASESTERTIARY EDUCATIONDECLINE IN FERTILITYINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATIONPOPULATION DYNAMICSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTReportWorld Bank10.1596/23026