BirdLife Asia2017-09-082017-09-082009-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28253As market reforms to the Mongolian economy continue and the country enjoys rapid economic growth, the environment has entered a period of unprecedented pressure. Mining, infrastructure development and tourism development, in particular, are undergoing rapid expansion, and all pose risks to Mongolia's globally important biodiversity. In order to strengthen its safeguard review process in Mongolia, specifically implementation of its operational policy on natural habitats, the World Bank contracted Birdlife Asia to identify important areas of natural habitat in the country, and assess the extent to which these areas overlap with development plans. Birdlife Asia undertook this study in close collaboration with the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center (WSCC) of Mongolia. The study looked at the extent of overlap between sites of conservation importance on the one hand, and mining licenses, major infrastructure plans, and tourist camp locations on the other. It determined the scale of overlap at the national level, provided a strategic overview of potential impacts, and identified particular sites where there is cause for concern. Recommendations were made for how environmental issues arising might be addressed, including examples of guidance and best practice from outside of Mongolia.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTUREAIR POLLUTIONANIMALANIMAL PRODUCTSARID ENVIRONMENTSARTISANAL MININGBASINBIODIVERSITYBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONBIODIVERSITY IMPORTANCEBIODIVERSITY VALUEBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBIOLOGYBIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE RESERVEBIOSPHERE RESERVESBIRDBIRD AREABIRD AREASBIRD CONSERVATIONBIRDSBOREAL FORESTBOREAL FORESTSBREEDINGBUFFER ZONESCAMP LOCATIONSCLASSIFICATIONCOALCOAL MININGCOASTCOASTAL ECOSYSTEMSCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONSERVANCYCONSERVATIONCONSERVATION AREACONSERVATION CENTERCONSERVATION CONCERNCONSERVATION OF NATURECONSERVATION SCIENCECONSERVING BIODIVERSITYCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION MATERIALSCORE AREACORE AREASCORRIDORSCRANECRANE SPECIESCRITICAL NATURAL HABITATCRITICAL NATURAL HABITATSCULTURAL RESOURCESDATA DEFICIENT SPECIESDATA SETSDATA SOURCESDEERDRAINAGEECOLOGICAL CHANGESECOLOGICAL CONDITIONSECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONSECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCEECOLOGYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC VALUESECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM GOODSECOSYSTEMSELEVATIONSEMISSIONSENDANGERED SPECIESENDEMIC BIRD AREAENDEMISMENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL RISKEROSIONEXPOSUREEXTINCTIONEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIESFAUNAFIELD WORKFISHFLORAFOOD SOURCEFOREST HABITATSFORESTRYFORESTSFRAGMENTATIONFRESHWATERFRESHWATER FISHGENETICGENETIC VARIATIONGISGLOBALLY IMPORTANT BIODIVERSITYGLOBALLY IMPORTANT POPULATIONSGLOBALLY IMPORTANT SITESGOLD MININGGRASSLANDGRASSLAND STEPPEGRASSLANDSHABITAT CONSERVATIONHABITAT DEGRADATIONHABITAT LOSSHABITAT REMAINSHABITAT REQUIREMENTSHUMAN DISTURBANCEHUMAN FOOTPRINTHUMAN POPULATIONHUMAN USEHUNTINGIMPOUNDMENTINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTISSUESLAKELAKESLAND DEGRADATIONLAND MANAGEMENTLANDSCAPELANDSCAPESLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK NUMBERSLOCAL COMMUNITIESLOGGINGMARINE FISHERIESMETALSMIGRATORY SPECIESMINERAL DEPOSITSMINERAL EXPLORATIONMINESMINING AREAMINING LICENCESMINING OPERATIONSMITIGATIONMOUNDSMOUNTAINSNATIONAL PARKNATIONAL PARKSNATIONAL SCALENATURAL CONDITIONSNATURAL ECOSYSTEMSNATURAL FEATURESNATURAL HABITATNATURAL HABITATSNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL SITESNATURAL WEALTHNATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITENATURE CONSERVATIONNATURE RESERVENATURE RESERVESNEGATIVE IMPACTSNESTINGNOMADIC HERDERSOVERGRAZINGPASTURESPETROLEUMPOLLINATIONPRESERVATIONPROTECTED AREASPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONRANGESRECLAMATIONRED LISTRENEWABLE RESOURCESRESOURCE USERESTORATIONRIVERRIVER BASIN MANAGEMENTROAD DEVELOPMENTROADSSACRED GROVESSAFETY NETSEABIRDSEABIRD SPECIESSEABIRDSSNAILSSPECIES RICHNESSSTEPPE HABITATSSTREAMSSURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE USESUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYTAIGATAXONOMIC GROUPSTHREATENED SPECIESTHREATENED WILDLIFETHRESHOLDSTOUR OPERATORSTOURISMTOURISM DEVELOPMENTVEGETATIONWATER BIRDSWATER POLLUTIONWATERFOWLWATERFOWL HABITATWEALTHWET GRASSLANDSWETLANDWETLAND VEGETATIONWETLANDSWILDLIFEWILDLIFE CONSERVATIONWILDLIFE POPULATIONSWILDLIFE SERVICEWILDLIFE SPECIESWILDLIFE TRADEZOOLOGICAL SOCIETYWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/28253