Matsukawa, TomokoHabeck, Odo2012-08-132012-08-132007-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/10685Using risk mitigation instruments to support infrastructure finance has attracted growing interest among developing country governments, the donor community and the private sector. Official development agencies and private insurers are exploring new applications, opening new possibilities in raising finance for infrastructure projects. The importance of infrastructure for economic growth and poverty reduction is well established. However, raising debt and equity capital for infrastructure development and service provision remains a challenge for developing countries.CC BY 3.0 IGOAMOUNT DUEAPPLICATIONSARBITRATIONASSET-BACKED SECURITIESBANKSBINDING DECISIONBONDBOND INVESTORBOND INVESTORSBOND ISSUERSBOND ISSUESBOND MARKETSBORROWERBREACH OF CONTRACTCAPITAL MARKETCAPITAL MARKET INVESTORSCAPITAL MARKETSCLAIMCOMMERCIAL DEBTCOMMERCIAL FINANCECOMPANY LOANCONCESSIONCONTRACTUAL CLAUSESCONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSCOOPCORPORATE FINANCECOVERAGECREDIT AGENCIESCREDIT ENHANCEMENTCREDIT GUARANTEESCREDIT RATINGCREDIT RISKCREDIT SUPPORTCREDITORCREDITWORTHINESSCURRENCYCURRENCY DEVALUATIONDEBTDEBT ISSUEDEBT ISSUESDEBT OBLIGATIONDEBT SERVICEDEBT SERVICE PAYMENTDEBT TRANSACTIONSDEVALUATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT BANKSECONOMIC GROWTHEQUITY CAPITALEQUITY INVESTMENTEQUITY INVESTOREQUITY INVESTORSESCROWESCROW ACCOUNTSEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXPORT CREDITEXPORT CREDIT INSURANCEEXPORTERSEXPROPRIATIONFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIERSFINANCING COSTSFINANCINGSFOREIGN CURRENCYFOREIGN EXCHANGEGOVERNMENT ACTIONGOVERNMENT ACTIONSGUARANTEE AGENCYGUARANTEE SUPPORTGUARANTORGUARANTYHOST COUNTRYHOST GOVERNMENTHOST GOVERNMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCEINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINSURANCEINSURANCE AGENCIESINSURANCE CORPORATIONINSURANCE EXPORT CREDITINSURANCE POLICIESINSURANCE PRODUCTSINSURERINSURERSINTEREST PAYMENTSINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINVESTMENT INSURANCEINVESTMENT RISKLENDERLEVERAGELOANLOCAL CURRENCYLOCAL INFRASTRUCTUREMARKET ACCESSMORTGAGEMORTGAGE LOANSMORTGAGE PORTFOLIOMORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIESMULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENTMUNICIPAL BONDMUNICIPAL BOND ISSUENEW MARKETSNONPAYMENTPARTIAL CREDITPARTIAL CREDIT GUARANTEESPARTIAL RISKPAYMENT OBLIGATIONSPAYMENT OF PRINCIPALPOLITICAL RISKPOLITICAL RISK INSURANCEPOLITICAL RISKSPORTFOLIOPRINCIPAL REPAYMENTPRIVATE CAPITALPRIVATE DEBTPRIVATE EQUITYPRIVATE INFRASTRUCTUREPRIVATE INVESTORPRIVATE INVESTORSPRIVATE LENDERSPRIVATIZATIONPROGRAMSPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSREGULATORREGULATORY AGENCIESREGULATORY REGIMEREINSURANCEREINSURANCE ARRANGEMENTSREINSURERSREPUDIATIONRESERVERESERVE FUNDRESIDENTIAL MORTGAGERISK ASSESSMENTRISK MITIGATIONRISK OF LOSSESRISK SHARINGSEED CAPITALSOVEREIGN RISKSUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSWAPSTANGIBLE ASSETSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETIMELY PAYMENTTRACK RECORDTRANSFER PAYMENTSTYPES OF INSTRUMENTSVOLATILITYWorld Bank10.1596/10685