Independent Evaluation Group2012-03-192012-03-192010978-0-8213-8393-3https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2497The amount of available water has been constant for millennia, but over time the planet has added 6 billion people. Water is essential to human life and enterprise, and the increasing strains on available water resources threaten the mission of institutions dedicated to economic development. The ultimate goal is to achieve a sustainable balance between the resources available and the societal requirement for water. In this evaluation the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) examines all the water-related projects financed by the World Bank between fiscal 1997 and the end of calendar 2007. Bank activities related to water are large, growing, and integrated. They include water resources management, water supply and sanitation, and activities related to agricultural water, industrial water, energy generation, and water in the environment. Through both lending and grants, the World Bank (the International Development Association and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, or IBRD) has supported countries in many water-related sectors. This evaluation examines the full scope of that support over the period from fiscal 1997 to the end of calendar 2007. More than 30 background studies prepared for the evaluation have analyzed Bank lending by thematic area and by activity type. The evaluation is by definition retrospective, but it identifies changes that will be necessary going forward, including those related to strengthening country-level institutions and increasing financial sustainability.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATERAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL POLLUTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL USESAGRICULTURE WATERAQUATIC BIODIVERSITYAQUATIC ECOSYSTEMSAQUATIC HABITATAQUATIC PLANTSAQUIFERSBASIC SANITATIONBASINSBENEFICIAL USEBOREHOLESBULK WATERBULK WATER SUPPLYCAPACITY BUILDINGCATCHMENTCATCHMENT AREACENTRAL GOVERNMENTCHILD MORTALITYCLEAN WATERCLEAN WATER SUPPLYCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATIC VARIATIONSCOASTAL AREASCOASTAL WATERSCOASTAL ZONESCOLLECTION OF WATERCOMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURECOMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTCOMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMMUNITY WATERCOMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMSCONSERVE WATERCOST RECOVERYCOVERINGDAM CONSTRUCTIONDEMAND MANAGEMENTDIAGNOSTIC ANALYSISDOMESTIC USESDRAINAGEDRAINAGE SYSTEMSDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER SUPPLYDROUGHTENGINEERINGENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONEVAPORATIONFLOOD CONTROLFLOOD PROTECTIONFLOODINGFLOODSFLOW METERSFRESHWATERGLOBAL WATER PARTNERSHIPGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER MANAGEMENTGROUNDWATER QUALITYGROUNDWATER RECHARGEGROUNDWATER RESOURCESGROUNDWATER STORAGEGROUNDWATER SUPPLIESGROUNDWATER USEHAND PUMPSHAND WASHINGHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONSHOUSEHOLDSHYDROLOGYHYGIENE EDUCATIONHYGIENE PROMOTIONIMPOUNDMENTINDUSTRIAL PLANTSINDUSTRIAL USESINTERNATIONAL WATERINTERNATIONAL WATERSINVESTMENT PLANNINGIRRIGATIONIRRIGATION SYSTEMSLAKESLARGE DAMSLEAKAGELITERS PER CAPITA PER DAYLOCAL OPERATORMAINTENANCE COSTSMANAGEMENT OF WATERMANAGING WATER RESOURCESMUNICIPAL SEWAGENUTRIENTSOIL SPILLSOPERATORSORGANIC MATTEROVERSIGHT ROLEPIPELINESPIPESPOLLUTION CONTROLPONDSPOOR WATER QUALITYPOTABLE WATERPOTABLE WATER SUPPLYPOTABLE WATER SYSTEMSPRESSUREPRIVATE FINANCINGPRIVATE WATER SUPPLYPUBLIC SANITATIONPUBLIC UTILITIESPUMPING STATIONPUMPING STATIONSQUALITY OF WATERQUALITY WATERQUANTITIES OF WATERRAINREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRESERVOIRSRIVER BASINRIVER BASIN MANAGEMENTRIVER BLINDNESSRIVERSRURAL WATERRURAL WATER PROJECTRURAL WATER SUPPLYSAFE WATERSANITARY DISPOSALSANITATION ACTIVITIESSANITATION COMPONENTSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION INFRASTRUCTURESANITATION SECTORSANITATION SERVICESSANITATION SYSTEMSSANITATION UTILITIESSANITATION WATERSANITATION WATER SUPPLYSEPTIC TANKSERVICE DELIVERYSEWAGE COLLECTIONSEWAGE TREATMENTSEWER SYSTEMSEWERAGE SERVICESSEWERAGE SYSTEMSSMALL TOWNSOLID WASTESOLID WASTE COLLECTIONSPRINGSSTAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENTSTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATIONSURFACE RUNOFFSURFACE WATERTOILETSTOXIC SUBSTANCESTREATMENT PLANTSURBAN AREASURBAN WATERURBAN WATER SUPPLYWASTEWATERWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTWATER BOARDSWATER CONSERVATIONWATER DEPARTMENTWATER DEVELOPMENTWATER FLOWSWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWATER MANAGEMENTWATER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIESWATER MANAGEMENT GOALSWATER METERSWATER POINTWATER POINTSWATER POLICYWATER PRICINGWATER PRIORITIESWATER PROFESSIONALSWATER PROJECTSWATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTWATER QUALITY MONITORINGWATER RESOURCEWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWATER RESOURCESWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER RIGHTSWATER SCARCITYWATER SECTORWATER SERVICEWATER SERVICESWATER SOURCEWATER SOURCESWATER STORAGEWATER STRATEGYWATER TABLEWATER TARIFFSWATER TRANSFERSWATER TRANSMISSIONWATER TRANSPORTWATER TREATMENT FACILITIESWATER USEWATER USERWATER USERSWATER USERS ASSOCIATIONWATER USESWATER UTILITYWATERSHEDWATERSHED MANAGEMENTWATERSHEDSWELL WATERWELLSWETLANDSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8393-3