Coulibaly, Souleymane2013-01-282013-01-282012-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12184Eurasian cities, unique in the global spatial landscape, were part of the world's largest experiment in urban development. The challenges they now face because of their history offer valuable lessons to urban planners and policymakers across the world from places that are still urbanizing to those already urbanized. Today, Eurasian cities must respond to three big changes: the breakup of the Soviet Union, the return of the market as the driving force of society, and the emergence of regional powers such as the European Union, China, and India that are competing with the Russian Federation for markets and influence in its former satellites. Several methods of analysis indicate an imbalance across Eurasia, implying a need to readjust Eurasia's urban structure. National policies in Eurasia are still preoccupied with spatial equity. But the concentration of economic activity in large cities is fundamental to national competitive advantage: they foster innovation through their diversity of industries -- and reduce production costs through their economies of scale. This paper suggests some ideas on how policymakers can harness the economic power of cities to drive national economic development, by focusing on four themes: planning, connecting, greening, and financing cities.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIBILITYAFFORDABLE HOUSINGAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESAIRAIR POLLUTIONAIRPORTAIRPORT DEVELOPMENTAIRPORTSBIG CITIESBUILDING CODESBUSESBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCAPITAL CITIESCAPITAL MOBILITYCAPITALSCARBONCENTRAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFERSCENTRAL PLANNINGCITIESCITY DEVELOPMENTCITY DWELLERSCITY PLANNINGCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECONGESTIONCONSOLIDATIONCONSTRUCTION OF ROADSCRIMECROSSINGCULTURAL HERITAGEDEPOSITSDISTRICT HEATINGDIVERSITY OF CITIESDIVISION OF LABORDRIVERSDRIVINGECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIES OF SCALEEMPLOYMENTEQUALIZATIONETHNIC COMPOSITIONETHNIC GROUPEXTERNALITIESFINANCE INFRASTRUCTUREFUELSGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENING OF CITIESHERITAGE BUILDINGSHIGH TRANSPORTHIGHWAYHOMEOWNERSHOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONSHOUSING MARKETHOUSING MARKETSHOUSING STOCKINCOME TAXINDUSTRIAL AREASINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESINDUSTRIAL LOCATIONINDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURESINHABITANTSINTERMEDIATE GOODSINTERVENTIONSJUDICIAL REFORMSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETSLAND DEVELOPMENTLAND USELARGE CITIESLONG-DISTANCEMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET MECHANISMMIGRATIONMOBILITYNATURAL RESOURCESNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIESNEIGHBORHOODNEIGHBORHOODSOILPASSENGER TRANSPORTPERSONAL INCOME TAXESPOLICEPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLLUTIONPOPULATION DENSITIESPOPULATION GROWTHPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIESPRIVATE AUTOMOBILESPRODUCERSPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC OWNERSHIPPUBLIC POLICIESPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSITPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPURCHASING POWERQUALITY OF LIFERAILRAIL PASSENGERRAIL TRANSPORTRAILROADRAILWAYRECYCLINGREGIONAL DEVELOPMENTREGIONAL TRANSPORTREGIONALISMRENTAL HOUSINGRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRETURNS TO SCALEREVENUE SHARINGREVENUE SOURCESRISK MANAGEMENTROADROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD TRANSPORTROADSROUTEROUTESRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL SETTLEMENTSSAFETYSANITATIONSECURITY ISSUESSERVICE ACTIVITIESSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE SECTORSSETTLEMENTSSEWERAGESOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SERVICE PROVISIONSOCIAL WELFARESPRAWLSTAKEHOLDERSSTREAMSSUBNATIONAL FINANCESUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUBURBSTAXTAX RATESTOWNSTRADE FLOWSTRAFFICTRANSITTRANSITION ECONOMIESTRANSPORTTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT EQUIPMENTTRANSPORT FACILITATIONTRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SYSTEMTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURETRUCKSURBAN AREASURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN DWELLERSURBAN ECONOMICSURBAN ECONOMIESURBAN GREEN SPACEURBAN GROWTHURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN INFRASTRUCTURESURBAN PLANNERSURBAN ROADURBAN SERVICESURBAN STRUCTUREURBANIZATIONVILLAGESWAGESWATER BASINWATER SUPPLYWEALTHZONINGWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6292