De Rosa, DonatoFay, MariannePauna, Catalin2012-06-082012-06-082007-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7598Less restrictive product market policies are crucial in promoting convergence to higher levels of GDP per capita. This paper benchmarks product market policies in Romania to those of OECD countries by estimating OECD indicators of Product Market Regulation (PMR). The PMR indicators allow a comprehensive mapping of policies affecting competition in product markets. Comparison with OECD countries reveals that Romania's product market policies are less restrictive of competition than most direct comparators from the region and not far from the OECD average. Nonetheless, this achievement should be interpreted in light of the fact that PMR approach measures officially adopted policies. It does not capture implementation and enforcement, the area where future reform efforts should be directed if less restrictive policies are to have an effective impact on long-term growth prospects.CC BY 3.0 IGOACTION PLANACTION PLANSADMINISTRATIVE BURDENADMINISTRATIVE BURDENSADMINISTRATIVE POLICIESADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONAIRAIR FARESAIR TRANSPORTAIR TRAVELALTERNATIVES TO REGULATIONBARRIERS TO COMPETITIONBARRIERS TO ENTRYBEST PRACTICEBUSINESS ACTIVITYBUSINESS ASSOCIATIONBUSINESS ASSOCIATIONSBUSINESS CLIMATEBUSINESS ENTRYBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS OPERATIONBUSINESS OPERATIONSBUSINESS SECTORSBUSINESSESCARRIERSCERTIFICATECODES OF PRACTICECOMMERCECOMMON MARKETCOMMUNICATION STRATEGIESCOMMUNICATION STRATEGYCOMPETITION POLICYCOMPETITIVE ACTIVITIESCOMPETITIVE PRESSURESCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPETITORSCOMPLIANCE STRATEGIESCONSUMER PROTECTIONCONTACT POINTSCONTROL REGULATIONCORPORATE PERFORMANCEDEMOGRAPHICDOMAINDOMAINSDOMESTIC INVESTORSDOMESTIC MARKETDRIVERSDRIVINGE-GOVERNMENTECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC INSTRUMENTSECONOMIC PERFORMANCEELECTRICITYENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONSENTERPRISE SECTORENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTEQUIPMENTEXPENDITURESFARESFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL SECTORFISCAL CONSOLIDATIONFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN INVESTORFOREIGN INVESTORSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFOREIGN TRADEFREE TRADEFREIGHTFREIGHT SERVICESFREIGHT TRANSPORTGASOLINEGLOBAL MARKETSGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGOVERNMENT BUDGETGOVERNMENT REGULATIONSGOVERNMENT SITEICTIMPLEMENTING AGENCIESINCOMEINCOMESINFLATIONINFLATIONARY PRESSURESINNOVATIONINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINSURANCEINTERFACEINTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTSINTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATIONINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORYINVESTMENT BARRIERSJOB CREATIONLAND TRANSPORTLEGAL CONSTRAINTSLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGISLATIONLIBERALIZATIONLICENSESLIMITED LIABILITY COMPANYMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMANUFACTURINGMARKET ACCESSMARKET INCENTIVESMARKET LIBERALIZATIONMARKET REGULATIONMARKET REGULATIONSMARKET STRUCTUREMEANS OF COMMUNICATIONMINISTERMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATIONMOBILE SERVICEMOBILE SERVICESMONOPOLYMOTION PICTUREMOTOR VEHICLESNEW TECHNOLOGYONE-STOP SHOPONE-STOP SHOPSPASSENGER TRANSPORTPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPOLICY GOALSPOLICY IMPLICATIONPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPORTFOLIOPRICE COMPETITIONPRICE CONTROLPRICE CONTROLSPRICE LIBERALIZATIONPRICE REGULATIONPRIVATE MARKETPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRIVATIZATIONPRIVATIZATIONSPRODUCT MARKETPRODUCT MARKETSPRODUCTIVITYPROFESSIONAL BODIESPROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC ENTERPRISEPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC INFORMATIONPUBLIC INTERESTPUBLIC OWNERSHIPPUBLIC SECTORRADIORAILRAILROADRAILWAYRAILWAYSREAL ESTATEREGISTRYREGULATORSREGULATORY APPROACHESREGULATORY AREASREGULATORY AUTHORITIESREGULATORY BODIESREGULATORY CONTROLSREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY GOALSREGULATORY IMPACTREGULATORY IMPACT ASSESSMENTREGULATORY MEASURESREGULATORY POLICIESREGULATORY POLICYREGULATORY PRACTICESREGULATORY PROCESSREGULATORY PROVISIONSREGULATORY REFORMREGULATORY REQUIREMENTSREGULATORY RESTRICTIONSRESULTRESULTSRETAILRETAIL PRICESROADROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD TRANSPORTROUTESSAFETYSALESELF-REGULATIONSENIOR MANAGEMENTSTARTUPSTECHNICAL STANDARDSTELECOMMUNICATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONETRADABLE PERMITSTRADE RELATIONSTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSITION COUNTRIESTRANSMISSIONTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRUETYPE OF REGULATIONUNIVERSAL SERVICEURBANISMUSESVOLUNTARY ARRANGEMENTVOLUNTARY CODESWEBWHOLESALE TRADEWORLD TRADEWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4402