Ranganathan, RupaBriceno-Garmendia, Cecilia M.2012-03-192012-03-192011-09-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3577Newly independent South Sudan faces a challenge in making its own way in infrastructure development. Despite earning $6 billion in oil revenues since 2005, South Sudan's spending has not been proportional to its income, but rather has lagged behind North Sudan's development of infrastructure and social support. South Sudan benefitted from strong donor support during 2004-10, the interim period defined by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. It focused on reestablishing regional transport links and access to seaports as well as rehabilitating its ports, airstrips, and single rail line. South Sudan also successfully liberalized the ICT sector. Nonetheless, the new country's infrastructure remains in such a dismal state that it is difficult to pinpoint a single most pressing challenge. The transport sector accounts for half of the country's spending needs, and water and sanitation account for a further quarter of the total. But so many improvements are needed that the nation cannot realistically catch up with its neighbors within 10 years, or even longer. South Sudan's annual infrastructure funding gap is $879 million per year. Given that the country's total needs are beyond its reach in the medium term, it must adopt firm priorities for its infrastructure spending. It also must attract international and private-sector investment and look to lower-cost technologies to begin to close its funding gap. Although South Sudan loses relatively little to inefficiencies, redressing those inefficiencies will be vital to creating solid institutions to attract new investors and get the most out of their investments.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SAFE WATERACCESS TO WATER SUPPLYACCESSIBILITYADMINISTRATIVE COSTSADSLAIRAIR SAFETYAIR SERVICEAIR TRANSPORTAIR TRAVELAIRCRAFTAIRPORTAIRPORTSARTERIESARTERYASYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINEAVERAGE TARIFFBACKBONEBACKBONESBACKUPBANDWIDTHBEST PRACTICESBORDER CROSSINGSBOTTLENECKSBRIDGEBROADBANDBUSINESS ACTIVITYBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESSESCABLECAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL EXPENDITURECAPITAL INVESTMENTCARCARBON EMISSIONSCARGOCARRIERSCELL PHONECOLLECTION OF BILLSCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMPETITIVENESSCONGESTIONCONGESTION PROBLEMSCONNECTION SPEEDSCONNECTIVITYCOST OF POWERCOST OF TRANSPORTATIONCOST RECOVERYCOSTS OF POWERCOSTS OF TRAVELCROSSINGDIESELDIGITAL SUBSCRIBERDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDISTRIBUTION NETWORKDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMSDOMESTIC TRAVELECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MODELECONOMIC TARGETSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTIONELECTRICITY SECTOREND USERSENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSFEEDER ROADSFINANCIAL FLOWSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL VIABILITYFREIGHTFREIGHT COSTSFREIGHT MOVEMENTFUELFUEL PRICESFUEL SUBSIDIESFUELSGASGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION COSTSGENERATORSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEAVY RELIANCEICTIDINFORMATION COMMUNICATIONINFORMATION SYSTEMINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FUNDINGINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINNOVATIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATIONINTERNATIONAL AVIATIONINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL GATEWAYSINTERNATIONAL TRAVELINTERURBAN ROADINTERURBAN ROADSINVESTMENT TARGETSJOURNEYLENGTH OF ROADSLICENSELICENSESLICENSING AGREEMENTSLIMITED ACCESSLITERACY RATESMANAGEMENT CONTRACTSMANUFACTURINGMARGINAL COSTSMARKET ACCESSMARKET CONCENTRATIONMARKET SHAREMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMOBILE COMMUNICATIONSMOBILE NETWORKSMOBILE PHONEMOBILE SERVICESMODERN FUELSMODES OF TRANSPORTMULTIMODAL TRANSPORTNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESOILOIL EXPORTSOIL RESERVESOPEN ACCESSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYPENETRATION RATEPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPHONEPORT CONGESTIONPOSTAL SERVICESPOWERPOWER COSTSPOWER NETWORKPOWER PRICESPOWER SECTORPOWER SYSTEMSPRICE DIFFERENTIALPRICE OF DIESELPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPROCUREMENTPRODUCTIVITYRAILRAIL LINEREGIONAL NETWORKSREGIONAL TRANSPORTRESIDENTIAL USERSRESULTRESULTSREVENUE COLLECTIONROADROAD CONDITIONSROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD LINKSROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD NETWORKSROAD QUALITYROAD SECTORROAD TRAFFICROAD TRANSPORTROADSROUTEROUTESRURAL ACCESSRURAL ROADSSAFETYSANITATIONSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SERVICESSANITATION UTILITIESSATELLITESATELLITE CONNECTIONSSECURITY STANDARDSSPEEDSSTORAGE FACILITIESSURFACE TRANSPORTTARGETSTAXTECHNICAL STANDARDSTELECOMTELECOMMUNICATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRYTELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURETELEPHONETELEPHONESTELEPHONYTRADING PATTERNSTRAFFIC FLOWSTRAFFIC VOLUMESTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSITTRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION CAPACITYTRANSPORT CONDITIONSTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT INDICATORSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKSTRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORT USERSTRANSPORTATION NETWORKTRAVEL TIMETRAVEL TIMESTRIPTRUCKING COMPANIESTRUCKSUNIVERSAL ACCESSUSESWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWATER TARIFFSWATER UTILITIESWEALTHWEBWEB SITEWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5814