Camacho, AdrianaConover, EmilyHoyos, Alejandro2013-10-012013-10-012013-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15995This paper examines whether the Colombian government's expansion of social programs in the early 1990s, particularly the publicly provided health insurance, discouraged formal employment. Using household survey data and variation across municipalities in the onset of interviews for the SISBEN, the instrument used to identify beneficiaries for public health insurance, it shows robust and consistent estimates of an increase in informal employment of approximately 4 percentage points. Similar results are obtained using an alternative dataset, consisting of a panel of individuals interviewed for the first and second SISBEN. The findings suggest that marginal individuals optimized when deciding whether to participate in the formal sector.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGE CATEGORYAGE GROUPBUSINESS CYCLESCAPACITY BUILDINGCHILD HEALTHCITIESCITIZENSCULTURAL CHANGEDENTAL CAREDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDISABILITYDOMESTIC WORKERSDOWNWARD BIASECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICYELDERLYEMPLOYEEENFORCEMENT OF LAWSEXTENDED FAMILIESFAMILY COMPOSITIONFAMILY MEMBERSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFIRING COSTSFIRM SIZEHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE COVERAGEHEALTH CARE REFORMHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PLANHEALTH REFORMHEALTH REFORMSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SECTOR REFORMHEALTH SERVICESHOSPITALHOSPITAL CAREHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYILLNESSESINCOMEINFORMAL EMPLOYMENTINFORMAL LABOR MARKETINFORMAL SECTORJOB SECURITYJOBSKIDSLABOR FORCELABOR LAWSLABOR MARKET REFORMSLABOR MARKET RIGIDITIESLABOR MARKETSLABOR REGULATIONLABOR REGULATIONSLABOR RELATIONSLABOURLABOUR MARKETLABOUR MARKET REFORMLAWSLEATHER INDUSTRIESLEGISLATIVE CHANGESLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIVING CONDITIONSMARITAL STATUSMATERNITY CAREMEDICINESMINIMUM WAGEMOTHERNATIONAL LEVELNATURAL GASNEWBORNSNON-WAGE COSTSOCCUPATIONOLDER PEOPLEOUTPATIENT SERVICESPAYROLL TAXESPENSIONSPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOPULATION CENSUSPREVIOUS RESULTSPREVIOUS STUDIESPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERSPROBABILITYPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCEPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTRETAIL TRADESECRETARY OF HEALTHSEXSIBLINGSSICK LEAVESOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WELFARESPOUSESPOUSESUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED POORUNEMPLOYMENTUNINTENDED CONSEQUENCEUNIVERSAL HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGEUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONUNPAID FAMILY WORKERSWAGESWORKERWORKERSWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORKPLACEYOUNG PEOPLEYOUNG WORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6564