Nikolaev, DenisChugunov, Dmitry2012-04-272012-04-272012-04-03978-0-8213-9514-1https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6012This study is intended for non-Russian researchers wanting to get familiar with the education system of the Russian Federation and more generally for all those involved in education and education policy. It does not represent exhaustive information on the Russian education system and all problems and challenges existing there, but briefly describes its main features. The report has the following structure. The opening chapter provides an overview of the education system in Russia and briefly reviews the most evident emergent trends. Chapters two through five are devoted to description of education system by level. The chapters are arranged by ascending order of educational level and each chapter's present information in a progression from the most general to the most specific. First, data on the current state of education system is provided. They characterize the human and financial resources allocated to education; describe the network of educational institutions across the country, and show regional disparities of spending on education. Next in each section key problems and challenges are examined; the focus is mainly made on access to and quality of educational services. Third, information on recent and ongoing reforms in the education sphere addresses each subsector separately and defines features typical for each of them. Fourth, there is discussion of policy options and analysis of what can be improved in the Russian education sphere. Finally, section six is devoted to lifelong learning. First, the section focuses on the condition of and development trends in lifelong learning. Then it examines the state of policy, staff training including financing and coverage, and learning for socially deprived groups of people. The section concludes with policy options and possible measures for improvement.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCREDITATIONACHIEVEMENTSADULTSAGE COHORTAVERAGE CLASS SIZEAVERAGE ENROLMENT RATEBACHELOR DEGREEBASIC PRICESBASIC SKILLSBOARDINGBOARDING SCHOOLSCAREERCAREGIVERSCERTIFICATION OF TEACHERSCHILDREN IN PRESCHOOLCHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDSCITY SCHOOLSCIVIL SOCIETYCLASSROOMCLASSROOM PRACTICECOMPULSORY EDUCATIONCOMPUTERS IN SCHOOLSCONCENTRATION OF POPULATIONCURRICULACURRICULUMDAY CAREDECENTRALIZATIONDEGREESDISABLED CHILDRENDISADVANTAGED CHILDRENDOCTORAL STUDIESDROPOUT RATEEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTEDUCATION AUTHORITIESEDUCATION DEGREESEDUCATION EXPENDITUREEDUCATION EXPENDITURESEDUCATION MANAGEMENTEDUCATION POLICYEDUCATION PROJECTSEDUCATION QUALITYEDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION STANDARDSEDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL CENTERSEDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTEDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURESEDUCATIONAL FINANCINGEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSEDUCATIONAL LEVELSEDUCATIONAL NEEDSEDUCATIONAL POLICYEDUCATIONAL PRACTICESEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMSEDUCATIONAL RESOURCESEDUCATIONAL SERVICESEDUCATIONAL STANDARDSEDUCATIONAL SYSTEMSEMPLOYMENTENROLLMENT OF BOYSENROLLMENT RATESENROLLMENT RATIOFOREIGN LANGUAGESGENERAL EDUCATIONGIFTED CHILDRENGIRLSGRADUATE EDUCATIONGRADUATE LEVELGROSS ENROLLMENTHEALTH CAREHIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMSHIGHER ENROLLMENTINFORMAL EDUCATIONINTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATIONKINDERGARTENKINDERGARTENSLEARNERSLEARNING ENVIRONMENTLEARNING OUTPUTSLEARNING PRACTICESLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIFELONG LEARNINGLITERACYLITERACY RATELOWER SECONDARY EDUCATIONMATHEMATICSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMORAL SUPPORTNET ENROLLMENTNONFORMAL EDUCATIONNUMBER OF SCHOOLSNUMBER OF STUDENTSOPTIONAL COURSESPER STUDENT EXPENDITURESPRESCHOOL EDUCATIONPRESCHOOL ENROLLMENTPRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONSPRESCHOOL LEVELPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY LEVELPRIMARY LEVEL OF EDUCATIONPRIMARY LOWER SECONDARYPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTSPRIMARY SCHOOLSPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTPROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON EDUCATIONPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATIONPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUPILSQUALITY EDUCATIONQUALITY OF EDUCATIONREADINGREGIONAL EDUCATIONRESEARCHERSRETRAININGRURAL AREASRURAL POPULATIONRURAL SCHOOLSSCHOOL ADMINISTRATORSSCHOOL AUTONOMYSCHOOL BUILDINGSSCHOOL COUNCILSSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURESCHOOL LEADERSSCHOOL MANAGEMENTSCHOOL NETWORKSCHOOL PRINCIPALSSCHOOL STUDENTSSCHOOL SYSTEMSCHOOL TEACHERSSCHOOL YEARSCHOOL-AGE POPULATIONSCHOOLINGSCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTSCIENCE EDUCATIONSCIENCE STUDYSCIENTIFIC LITERACYSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTSSECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONSMALL SCHOOLSSPECIAL NEEDSSPORTSSTATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARDSSTUDENT ASSESSMENTSTUDENT-TEACHER RATIOTEACHERTEACHER EDUCATIONTEACHER PERFORMANCETEACHER QUALIFICATIONSTEACHER RATIOSTEACHER SALARIESTEACHER TRAININGTEACHER TRAINING COLLEGESTEACHINGTEACHING STAFFTERTIARY EDUCATIONTEST SCORESTRAINING CENTERSTRAINING INSTITUTIONSTUITIONTUITION FEESUNIVERSITIESUNIVERSITY ENTRANCEVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVOCATIONAL SCHOOLSVOUCHERSYOUNG PEOPLEWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-9514-1