Lankester, FelixManian, ShanthiYoder, Jonathan2025-08-082025-08-082024-09-06The World Bank Economic Review0258-6770 (print)1564-698X (online)https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43564Rural development projects often depend on local community members to coordinate community participation. Using a randomized controlled trial, this paper examines how pay-for-performance for community coordinators affects participation in dog vaccination events to prevent human rabies in Tanzania. Three treatments were implemented: fixed payment only, pay-for-performance only, or a mix of fixed payment and pay-for-performance. Using dog vaccination histories, the experiment equalizes the total expected payment across treatments, isolating the effect of payment type. Mixed payment increases dog vaccinations by 16 percent compared to a fixed payment. Each 10 percent increase in per-dog payment raises vaccinations by 0.4 percent. Changing the fixed payment rate has a negligible effect. Thus, pay-for-performance induces higher effort than the fixed component. The findings suggest that pay-for-performance can improve the effectiveness of rural development projects such as mass immunization events.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOINCENTIVESPERFORMANCE PAYVACCINATIONRABIESJournal ArticleWorld Bank