World Bank2014-08-192014-08-192006-04-25https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19465This report aims to assist the Government of the Maldives in designing and implementing social protection reforms, in particular for pensions and safety nets. The report gives an overview of poverty, risk and vulnerability in Maldives and analyzes the role and effectiveness of pensions and social assistance policies in helping poor households mitigate and cope with risks. Based on the analysis, the study delineates a menu of options for reforming the existing pension and social safety net system. The structure of the study follows the issues outlined above. Chapter 1 sets the stage with an overview of growth, inequality, poverty and vulnerability. Chapter 2 discusses old-age pensions and pension reform options. Chapter 3 covers safety nets (social assistance), while annexes describe the data sources and contain the analytical findings underpinning the recommendations. The executive summary details the main findings and policy options proposed in the report.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATERAGRICULTURAL LANDASSET MANAGEMENTAVERAGE INCOMESBASIC EDUCATIONBENEFICIARIESBENEFIT LEVELCASH ASSISTANCECASH PAYMENTCHRONIC POVERTYCHRONICALLY POORCONSUMER PRICE INDEXCONSUMPTION SMOOTHINGCOPING MECHANISMSCORRELATES OF POVERTYDATA MANAGEMENTDECLINE IN POVERTYDETERMINANTS OF POVERTYDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT GOALSDEVELOPMENT INDICATORSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDURABLE GOODSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC REFORMSEDUCATION SYSTEMSELIGIBILITYEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE POLICYFAMILY ALLOWANCEFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY SUPPORTFISCAL CONSTRAINTSFOOD SHORTAGEFOOD SHORTAGESGDPGROWTH PERFORMANCEGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHEADCOUNT INDEXHEADCOUNT POVERTYHEALTH CAREHIGH INEQUALITYHIGH POVERTYHIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTYHOMELESSHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD HEADSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITYHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIDENTIFICATION OF BENEFICIARIESILLNESSINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROUPSINCOME GROWTHINCOME LOSSINCOME LOSSESINCOME POVERTYINCOME SECURITYINCOME SHOCKSINCOME SUPPORTINCREASING INEQUALITYINEQUALITYINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINFORMAL INSURANCEINSTITUTIONAL CAREJOBLESSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLACK OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLITERACYLIVE BIRTHSLIVING STANDARDSLONG RUNLOSS OF INCOMELOW INCOMELOW INCOME FAMILIESMACROECONOMIC SHOCKSMALNUTRITIONMATERNAL MORTALITYMEANS TESTNATIONAL POVERTYNATIONAL POVERTY LINESNATURAL DISASTERNATURAL DISASTERSNEGATIVE EFFECTNUMBER OF CHILDRENOLD AGEOLD AGE SECURITYOLD-AGE BENEFITPENSIONPENSION INCOMEPENSIONSPER CAPITA EXPENDITUREPOLICY OPTIONSPOORPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR POPULATIONPOTABLE WATERPOVERTYPOVERTY DECLINEPOVERTY GAPPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY INDICATORSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIVATE TRANSFERSPRO-POORPROTECTION POLICIESPROTECTION SYSTEMPUBLIC PROGRAMSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SUPPORTREDUCING POVERTYREDUCTION IN POVERTYREDUCTION OF POVERTYREFORM PLANREGIONAL DISTRIBUTIONRISING INEQUALITYRISKSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAFETY NET SYSTEMSAFETY NETSSANITATIONSAVINGSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL MATERIALSSHALLOW POVERTYSHOCKSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURESOCIAL PENSIONSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESOCIAL SERVICESTARGETINGTRADITIONAL HEALERTRANSIENT POORTRANSIENT POVERTYTRANSIENT SHOCKSTRANSITORY POVERTYUNEMPLOYMENTVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE INDIVIDUALSWAGE BILLWORK INCENTIVESZAKAT10.1596/19465