World Bank2013-10-242013-10-242013-10-18978-1-4648-0010-810.1596/978-1-4648-0010-8https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16195Today, the world is at a conjuncture where issues of exclusion and inclusion are assuming new significance for both developed and developing countries. The imperative for social inclusion has blurred the distinction between these two stylized poles of development. Countries that used to be referred to as developed are grappling with issues of exclusion and inclusion perhaps more intensely today than they did a decade ago. And countries previously called developing are grappling with both old issues and new forms of exclusion thrown up by growth. Nonlinear demographic transitions, global economic volatility, shifts in the international balance of power, and local political movements have had a large part to play in these shifting sands. These changes make social inclusion more urgent than it was even a decade ago. This report tries to put boundaries around the abstraction that is "social inclusion." Placing the discussion of social inclusion within such global transitions and transformations, the report argues that social inclusion is an evolving agenda. It offers two easy-to-use definitions and a framework to assist practitioners in asking, outlining, and developing some of the right questions that can help advance the agenda of inclusion in different contexts. This report builds on previous analytical work, especially by the World Bank, on themes that touch upon social inclusion, including multidimensional poverty, inequality, equity, social cohesion, and empowerment. There are seven main messages in this report: (1) excluded groups exist in all countries; (2) excluded groups are consistently denied opportunities; (3) intense global transitions are leading to social transformations that create new opportunities for inclusion as well as exacerbating existing forms of exclusion; (4) people take part in society through markets, services, and spaces; (5) social and economic transformations affect the attitudes and perceptions of people. As people act on the basis of how they feel, it is important to pay attention to their attitudes and perceptions; (6) exclusion is not immutable. Abundant evidence demonstrates that social inclusion can be planned and achieved; and (7) moving ahead will require a broader and deeper knowledge of exclusion and its impacts as well as taking concerted action. The report is divided into three parts. Part one is framing the issues. Part two focuses on transitions, transformations, and perceptions. Part three is change is possible.Incluir a los excluidos es un desafío complejo. Afrontar la necesidad de inclusión social será esencial para alcanzar la meta de crear prosperidad compartida para todos. Si bien es cierto que se ha avanzado mucho en la reducción de la pobreza extrema, en un país tras otro, diversos grupos siguen excluidos de los logros en materia de desarrollo. En este informe se presenta un marco de referencia para ayudar a entender lo que es la inclusión social y avanzar hacia su realización. Está destinado a los responsables de las políticas públicas, académicos, activistas y socios en el desarrollo. Aunque no aporta respuestas definitivas, ofrece una definición y un marco de referencia para ayudar al progreso de la agenda de la inclusión social. Se fundamenta en la labor analítica previa del Banco Mundial acerca de temas que han tratado la inclusión social. También se apoya en una reseña de la bibliografía pertinente, en el análisis de los datos de encuestas, en algunos trabajos cualitativos nuevos y en compromisos de política con algunos países. Este informe es el primer examen integral hecho por el Banco sobre inclusión social.Au sein des pays, les investissements dans le domaine du développement produisent des avantages inégaux. Des groupes présentant certaines caractéristiques distinctives restent systématiquement à l’écart des progrès d’un pays. Ces groupes comptent parmi les plus pauvres d’un pays, mais ne sont pas systématiquement les plus pauvres. Souvent, mais pas toujours, il s’agit de minorités. Ce qui les distingue des autres est qu’ils appartiennent à des groupes exclus —des populations autochtones, des nouveaux immigrants, des personnes handicapées, des personnes de couleur de peau différente, des personnes s’exprimant de manière imparfaite dans la langue officielle. Ce rapport fournit un cadre de référence pour comprendre et progresser sur la voie de l’inclusion sociale. Sans fournir de réponses définitives, il propose une définition et un cadre pour aider à faire avancer l’agenda de l’inclusion sociale. Il s’appuie sur des travaux analytiques précédemment réalisés par la Banque mondiale sur des thématiques qui ont abordé l’inclusion sociale. Ce rapport contient sept messages principaux: 1. Les groupes exclus existent dans tous les pays. 2. Les groupes exclus se voient systématiquement refuser des opportunités. 3. Des transitions intenses au niveau mondial conduisent à des transformations sociales qui créent de nouvelles opportunités d’inclusion sociale et exacerbent, dans le même temps, les formes existantes d’exclusion. 4. Les populations prennent part à la société à travers les marchés, les services et les espaces. 5. Les transformations sociales et économiques affectent les attitudes et perceptions des peuples. Dans la mesure où les personnes agissent sur la base de leur ressenti, il est important d’accorder de l’attention à leurs attitudes et perceptions. 6. L’exclusion n’est pas immuable. De nombreux éléments démontrent que l’inclusion sociale peut être planifiée et réalisée. 7. Pour progresser, il faudra avoir une connaissance plus vaste et plus profonde de l’exclusion et de ses répercussions et prendre des mesures concertées.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOaccess to educationaccess to employmentaccess to health servicesaccidentsAdolescent Girlsagricultural productionantenatal carebarrierBasic Educationbasis of racebirth ratesCatalystscensuseschild carechild mortalitychildren with disabilitiesCitizencitizenscitizenshipclimate changecognitive impairmentsCommunitiesCultural Rightsdemocracydeveloping countriesdevelopment effortsdevelopment goalsDignityDisabilitiesdisabilitydisableddisadvantaged groupsDiscriminationdomestic violenceearly childhoodEconomic Empowermenteconomic growtheconomic opportunitieseducation leveleducation of girlseducational attainmenteffects of genderelderlyelderly peopleEqual Employment Opportunityequal opportunitiesequal opportunityEqualityEthnic Groupethnic groupsExclusionFamily Healthfamily membersFamily PlanningFamily Planning Commissionfamily responsibilitiesFamily Structurefemale labor forcefemale migrantsFertilityFertility Ratefertility transitionFewer Peoplefocus group discussionsfood insecurityfood securityGenderGender Equalitygender gapsgross domestic productHealth Carehealth centershealth facilitiesHIVHIV/AIDShost countrieshousehold levelhuman capitalhuman developmenthuman dignityhuman immunodeficiency virushuman potentialhuman rightshuman traffickingImmigrantimmigrantsimmigrationINCLUSIONinclusion in societyinclusive societyincome inequalityindigenous groupsIndigenous PeopleIndigenous Peoplesindigenous populationsinequitiesinformation servicesinternal migrationInternational ConventionInternational CovenantInternational Organization for Migrationjob marketJobsLabor ForceLabor Marketlabor marketslack of knowledgeland ownershipLarge Citieslearning abilitylegal statuslegislative bodieslevels of mortalitylocal communitieslocal developmentlow fertilityLower fertilityMaternal Deathsmaternal health outcomesmedical staffMental healthMigrantsmigrationMillennium Development GoalMillennium Development Goalsminoritiesminoritymothermother-to-childmother-to-child transmissionmovementmovement of peoplemovementsnational levelnatural disastersnutritionofficial languageofficial languagesolder adultsolder peoplepatientpatientspensionsplace of residencepolicy makerspolitical decisionpolitical powerpoor healthpoor maternal healthPopulation Centerpopulation subgroupspopulous countriesPractitionerspregnancyProgresspublic placesPublic Policypublic servicesquality of educationquality servicesRacial DiscriminationraperefugeesReligious leadersrespectrespectful treatmentrisk of deathrole modelsrural areassafetysanitationsecondary educationSecondary Schoolself-esteemservice deliveryservice providerssexsex with mensexual harassmentsexual orientationsocial changeSocial Developmentsocial dimensionsSocial ExclusionSocial ImpactSocial Inclusionsocial justicesocial lifesocial mobilitysocial movementssocial normssocial policiesSOCIAL POLICYsocial programssocial securitysocial servicesocial transformationssocietal progressSocietiesSocietysocioeconomic statusStereotypestereotypesstereotypingsubstance abuseSustainable DevelopmentTeentransportationuniversal accessuniversal human rightsUniversity Educationurban areasurban developmenturban populationsUrbanizationVictimsVictims of ViolenceViolenceVulnerabilityvulnerable groupswarwomanWomen in ParliamentWorld Health OrganizationWorld Populationwritingsyoung motherYoung PeopleYoung WomenWorld Bank10.1596/978-1-4648-0010-8