Kim, Sukkoo2017-08-282017-08-282008https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28050Spatial inequality is an important feature of many developing countries that seems to increase with economic growth and development. At the same time, there seems to be little consensus on the causes of spatial inequality and on a list of effective policy instruments that may foster or reduce spatial inequality. This paper examines the theoretical and empirical literature on spatial inequality to learn what we know and do not know about the causes of spatial inequality, to investigate what policies may or may not ameliorate spatial inequality, and to determine whether policy makers can identify and implement policies that promote or reduce spatial inequality.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE ADVANTAGEACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCIDENTSAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURAL WORKERSAGRICULTUREAIRCRAFTAUTOMOBILEBACKWARD REGIONSCENTRAL CITIESCENTRAL REGIONCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATIC CHANGECOMPETITIVE MARKETCONGESTIONCONGESTION COSTSCONSTANT RETURNSCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALECONSUMER DEMANDCONSUMERSCROSS-COUNTRY DATADATA QUALITYDATA SETDECENTRALIZATIONDECOMPOSITION IDENTITYDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDIVERSIFICATIONDRIVINGECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC FACTORSECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INEQUALITYECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC POWERECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIC REVIEWECONOMIC STRUCTUREECONOMIC STRUCTURESECONOMICS RESEARCHECONOMIES OF SCALEEMPIRICAL ADVANCESEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPIRICAL FINDINGSEMPIRICAL LITERATUREEMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPEMPIRICAL RESEARCHEMPIRICAL STUDIESEMPIRICAL SUPPORTEMPIRICAL WORKEMPIRICAL WORKSETHNIC CONFLICTEXPORTSEXTERNALITIESEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIESFACTOR ENDOWMENTSFAMINEFARMERSFISCAL POLICIESFOOD PROCESSINGFOREIGN TRADEFUELSFUTURE RESEARCHGDPGDP PER CAPITAGINI COEFFICIENTGNPGNP PER CAPITAGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGROWING ECONOMYHIGH INEQUALITYHIGH TRANSPORTATIONHIGHWAYHIGHWAY INVESTMENTSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSINGHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMPERFECT COMPETITIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROWTHINCOME INEQUALITYINCREASING RETURNSINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALEINDUSTRIAL ECONOMYINDUSTRIALIZATIONINEQUALITY MEASURESINEQUALITY RESULTSINEQUALITY WILL INCREASEINFANT MORTALITYINFRASTRUCTURESINHERITANCEINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERREGIONAL CONVERGENCEINTERREGIONAL TRADEINTERSTATE HIGHWAYSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLAGGING REGIONSMARKET IMPERFECTIONSMOBILITYMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITIONMOTOR VEHICLESMULTIPLE EQUILIBRIANATIONAL SAMPLESNATURAL RESOURCESNEGATIVE CORRELATIONNEOCLASSICAL MODELNEOCLASSICAL MODELSOPTIMIZATIONPATRONAGEPERFECT COMPETITIONPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL ECONOMY CONSIDERATIONSPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOLITICAL INSTITUTIONSPOLLUTIONPOORPOOR DATAPOOR REGIONSPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTHPOSITIVE EFFECTPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATIONPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPRODUCTIVITY INCREASESPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC GOODSPURCHASING POWERRAILRAIL INVESTMENTSRAPID GROWTHREGIONAL COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGEREGIONAL COSTSREGIONAL DEVELOPMENTREGIONAL DIFFERENCESREGIONAL DISPARITIESREGIONAL DIVERGENCEREGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTREGIONAL ECONOMICSREGIONAL ECONOMIESREGIONAL INCOMEREGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITYREGIONAL INCOMESREGIONAL INEQUALITIESREGIONAL INEQUALITYREGIONAL INSTITUTIONSREGIONAL LEVELREGIONAL LOCATIONREGIONAL PERSPECTIVEREGIONAL SCIENCEREGIONAL SPECIALIZATIONREGIONAL UNITSREMOTE AREASRENT SEEKINGRESOURCE ENDOWMENTSRETURNS TO SCALEROADROADSRURALRURAL AREASRURAL HINTERLANDRURAL INCOMESRURAL MARKETSRURAL MIGRANTSRURAL POPULATIONRURAL SECTORRURAL WAGESRURAL WORKERSAVINGSSHARECROPPINGSIGNIFICANT IMPACTSKILLED WORKERSSPATIAL DEVELOPMENTSPATIAL DISPARITYSPATIAL IMPACTSPATIAL INEQUALITIESSPATIAL INEQUALITYSPATIAL VARIATIONSTARGETINGTAXTAX SUBSIDIESTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTHTRADE BARRIERSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRANSPORTTRANSPORTATION COSTSTRANSPORTATION NETWORKSUNDERDEVELOPED REGIONSURBAN CONGESTIONWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGE PREMIUMWARWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/28050