World Bank2012-06-062012-06-062005987-0-8213-6256-3https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7296This report consists of two volumes. Volume I examines whether, and how, the core goals of public expenditure management, i.e., balanced fiscal aggregates, resource allocations to strategic sectors, and equity and microeconomic efficiency of public spending are met in Ecuador. Volume II presents sector studies on fiscal sustainability, the fiscal rules, education, health, pensions, the results of a national teachers tracking survey, water and sanitation, electricity, telecommunications and oil. Volume II deals with sectoral policies, and their link to fiscal management. It identifies the most efficient and cost-effective interventions in the social sectors, while making an optimal use of the reduced and available fiscal space. The study also recognizes the importance of political constraints, and the difficulties of setting steady rules in a non-cooperative game among national political actors that are particularly reflected in budget allocations.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGBANKSBASIC EDUCATIONBENCHMARKSBUDGET EXECUTIONBUDGET FORMULATIONBUDGET PROCESSCAPITAL FLOWSCENTRAL BANKCIVIL SERVICECONFLICTCONSOLIDATIONDEBTDECENTRALIZATIONDEFICIT REDUCTIONDEFICITSDRINKING WATERELECTRICITYENERGY SUBSIDIESEXPANSIONARY FISCAL POLICYFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL STABILITYFINANCING SOURCESFISCAL BALANCEFISCAL DEFICITFISCAL DISCIPLINEFISCAL MANAGEMENTFISCAL PERFORMANCEFISCAL POLICIESFISCAL POLICYFISCAL RESPONSIBILITYFISCAL RULEFISCAL RULESFISCAL SUSTAINABILITYFISCAL TRANSPARENCYFREE TRADEGDPGOVERNMENT BUDGETGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SPENDINGHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSINGHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEXINCOMEINCOME QUINTILEINFLATIONINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINSURANCEINTEREST RATEINTEREST RATESINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERSINTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUNDINVESTMENT SPENDINGLATIN AMERICANLICENSESLIQUIDITYLIVING STANDARDSMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL POVERTYNEW POORNOMINAL EXCHANGE RATENUISANCE TAXESPENSION REFORMPENSIONSPOLITICAL CONSTRAINTSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOTENTIAL OUTPUTPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY MAPPINGPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPRIVATE SECTORPUBLICPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEWPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR NET WORTHPUBLIC SPENDINGREAL EXCHANGE RATEREAL TERMSRESOURCE ALLOCATIONSREVENUE MANAGEMENTREVENUE VOLATILITYRURALRURAL SERVICESRURAL WOMENSANITATIONSAVINGSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL EXPENDITURESOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL SECURITYSOUTH AMERICASTRUCTURAL REFORMSSUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUBSIDIARYTARGETINGTAXTAX ADMINISTRATIONTAX EXPENDITURESTAX REFORMTAX REVENUETAX REVENUESTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONE PENETRATIONTOTAL REVENUETRADABLE GOODSTREASURYURBAN DEVELOPMENTVALUE OF OUTPUTWAGESWATER SUPPLYWorld Bank10.1596/987-0-8213-6256-3https://doi.org/10.1596/987-0-8213-6256-3