Mkapa, Benjamin William2017-08-282017-08-282008https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28015The point of this paper is to emphasize the importance and role of leadership for African growth, development, and poverty reduction. It is also an attempt to project a more objective assessment of leadership issues during the first three to four decades of African independence. Agreeing on shared responsibilities for Africa's failures in its early years will enable all who want to take part in the continent's renewal to focus on the partnership that is now needed to close a sad chapter in Africa's history, and open a new one. The core elements of such a partnership have evolved in the last decade, and this paper argues passionately for the political will, in Africa and outside, for their realization.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABUSEABUSE OF POWERACCOUNTABILITYADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMSAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONARMED FORCESASSASSINATIONAUTHORITARIAN RULEAUTHORITYBAD GOVERNANCEBAD LEADERSHIPBATTLEBOUNDARIESBUREAUCRACYBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTCADRESCENTRALIZATIONCITIZENCITIZENSCIVIL RIGHTSCIVIL SERVANTSCIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL WARCLIMATE CHANGECOLONIAL COUNTRIESCOLONIALISMCOLONIESCOMMUNISMCOMMUNISTCOMMUNIST PARTYCOMMUNISTSCONFIDENCECONFLICTCONFLICTSCONSTITUENCIESCONSTITUENCYCONSTITUTIONCONTAINMENTCONTAINMENT POLICYCORRUPTCORRUPTIONCOUNCILSCOUPS D'ETATCRISESDECOLONIZATIONDEMOCRACYDEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCEDEMOCRATIC PROCESSESDEMOCRATIC RIGHTSDEMOCRATIC STATEDEMOCRATIC SYSTEMDEMOCRATIC VALUESDEPENDENT TERRITORIESDETERRENCEDICTATORSHIPDISENGAGEMENTECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC AIDECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC REFORMSELECTIONSEMBASSYETHICETHICAL BEHAVIOREXECUTIVE POWEREXPLOITATIONFAMINEFIGHTINGFINANCIAL RESOURCESFLAGFOOD SECURITYFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFORMAL EDUCATIONGLOBAL TRADEGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATORSHEAD OF STATEHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCEHUMAN RIGHTSIMFIMPERIALISMINTEGRITYINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTJUDICIARYJUSTICEKINGDOMSKINGSLAWYERSLEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP QUALITIESLEADERSHIP TRAININGLEGAL SYSTEMSLEGISLATIVE BODIESLEGITIMACYLIBERATIONLOOTINGMALNUTRITIONMEETINGSMEMBER STATESMINISTERSMINORITY RULEMONARCHYMORAL VALUESMULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONSNATIONAL LEVELNATIONALIZATIONNATIONALSNATIONSNEGOTIATIONSPARLIAMENTPATRONAGEPEACEPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLITICAL AUTHORITYPOLITICAL INFLUENCEPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOLITICAL INTERESTSPOLITICAL LEADERSPOLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL POWERPOLITICAL STABILITYPOLITICAL STRUCTURESPOLITICAL SUPPORTPOLITICAL SYSTEMPOLITICIANPOORPOOR GOVERNANCEPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIME MINISTERPRIVATE GAINPRIVATE PROPERTYPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC AFFAIRSRECONSTRUCTIONREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREPRESENTATIVESREPRESSIONREVOLUTIONROADROYALTYRULE OF LAWRURALRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL TRANSFORMATIONSANCTIONSAVINGSSECONDARY SCHOOLSSERVICE DELIVERYSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL PROBLEMSSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL STRUCTURESOCIALISMSOVEREIGNTYSTATE AUTHORITYSTATE COLLAPSESTRATEGIC VALUETACTICSTELEPHONESTHEMATIC PAPERSTHIEVESTRANSPARENCYTRUST TERRITORIESUNDERDEVELOPMENTUNIVERSITIESWARSWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/28015