World Bank2012-06-222012-06-222005-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8795Fueled by fast-expanding demand, the production of meat and milk in the developing world has doubled in recent decades, and this trend is expected to continue. This expanding sector can provide income, employment, and high quality nutrition for vulnerable groups, and in many areas of the world, essential soil fertility inputs. However, as production grows, market forces, often supported by deliberate or unintended government policies, are causing, in particular in the pig and poultry sector, a spatial concentration of larger-size production units, mostly around urban areas, and an economic concentration of production, processing and retailing. This geographical and economic concentration of the livestock sector probably improves the affordability of meat and milk for the urban poor, and might create better-paid employment up- and downstream of the producer, but has significant negative effects on the environment, animal and human health, and social equity. This paper has the following contents: executive summary; setting the scene - demand patterns, supply patterns, and structural changes; effects of the livestock revolution - environmental, public health, equity, and farm-size interactions; technical solutions, policy and institutional support mechanisms, and current activities, rationale for international involvement, and the way forward.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSAIR QUALITYANIMALANIMAL AGRICULTUREANIMAL DENSITIESANIMAL DISEASEANIMAL DISEASE CONTROLANIMAL DISEASESANIMAL FEEDINGANIMAL HEALTHANIMAL PRODUCTANIMAL PRODUCT CONSUMPTIONANIMAL PRODUCTIONANIMAL PRODUCTSANIMAL WASTEANIMAL WELFAREANIMALSARABLE LANDAVIAN INFLUENZABEEFBIODIVERSITYBIRDSBOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHYBREEDINGBREEDING ANIMALSBSECARBONCHEMICAL FERTILIZERCHILD MORBIDITYCITIZENSCONSUMPTION PATTERNSDAIRYDAIRY FARMSDAIRY PRODUCTIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISEASE CONTROLDISEASE OUTBREAKSDISEASE SURVEILLANCEDISSEMINATIONEAST EUROPEANECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEECOSYSTEMELDERLYEMISSIONSENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYEXTERNALITIESFARMFARMERSFARMSFEEDFEED CONVERSIONFEED GRAINFEED MANAGEMENTFEED PRODUCTIONFEED USEFEED-PRODUCING AREASFERTILITY INPUTSFISHFISHERIESFOOD POLICY RESEARCHFOOD SAFETYFOOD SAFETY STANDARDSFOOD-BORNE DISEASESFOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASEFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOSSIL FUELSFUTURE GROWTHGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGOVERNMENT POLICIESGREENHOUSE GASGROUNDWATERHEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH RISKSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMSHEAVY METALSHOUSINGHUMAN HEALTHHUMAN POPULATIONIMMUNITYIMPROVED LIVELIHOODSINCOMEINDUSTRIAL MEAT PRODUCTIONINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONINFLATIONINFORMATION SYSTEMSINSURANCEINTEGRATIONINTENSIVE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSINTERVENTIONLAND USELEATHERLEGISLATIONLIFESTYLESLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK DENSITYLIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENTLIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONSLIVESTOCK FARMSLIVESTOCK MANURELIVESTOCK NUMBERSLIVESTOCK POPULATIONSLIVESTOCK PRODUCTSLIVESTOCK RESEARCHLIVESTOCK REVOLUTIONLIVESTOCK SECTORLIVESTOCK SPECIALISTSLIVESTOCK UNITSLIVESTOCK WASTELIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENTLIVESTOCK-POLLUTIONLIVESTOCK­ENVIRONMENTLIVESTOCK­ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONSMANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMANUREMANURE APPLICATIONMANURE MANAGEMENTMANURE STORAGEMEATMEAT PRODUCTIONMILKMILK CONSUMPTIONMILK PRODUCTIONMONOPOLIESMORTALITYNATIONAL BOUNDARIESNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL LEVELSNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNUTRIENT LOADINGNUTRIENT MANAGEMENTNUTRITIONORGANIC MATTERPATTERNS OF PRODUCTIONPIGPIGSPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLITICAL POWERPORKPORK INDUSTRYPOULTRYPOULTRY MEATPOULTRY PRODUCTIONPOULTRY SECTORPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCERSPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC AWARENESSPUBLIC GOODPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SUPPORTRURAL DEVELOPMENTSERVICE PROVIDERSSKILLED STAFFSMALL RUMINANTSSMALLHOLDERSSOCIAL EQUITYSOIL FERTILITYSOILSSPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONSPECIESSPILLOVERSUPPLY CHAINSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSWINETRANSPORTATIONURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONVACCINATIONVACCINATION CAMPAIGNSVACCINESVETERINARYVETERINARY SERVICESVULNERABLE GROUPSWASTE RECYCLINGWATER POLLUTIONWATERSHEDWESTERN EUROPEWOOLWOOL PROCESSINGWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWorld Bank10.1596/8795