Kaufmann, DanielKraay, AartMastruzzi, Massimo2012-03-192012-03-192009-06-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4170This paper reports on the 2009 update of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) research project, covering 212 countries and territories and measuring six dimensions of governance between 1996 and 2008: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption. These aggregate indicators are based on hundreds of specific and disaggregated individual variables measuring various dimensions of governance, taken from 35 data sources provided by 33 different organizations. The data reflect the views on governance of public sector, private sector and NGO experts, as well as thousands of citizen and firm survey respondents worldwide. The authors also explicitly report the margins of error accompanying each country estimate. These reflect the inherent difficulties in measuring governance using any kind of data. They find that even after taking margins of error into account, the WGI permit meaningful cross-country comparisons as well as monitoring progress over time. The aggregate indicators, together with the disaggregated underlying indicators, are available at www.govindicators.org.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTABILITY MEASUREACCOUNTINGADBAGGREGATE GOVERNANCEAGGREGATE GOVERNANCE INDICATORSAGGREGATE INDICATORAGGREGATE INDICATORSAGGREGATING GOVERNANCE INDICATORSAGGREGATION METHODOLOGYAGGREGATION PROCEDUREANTICORRUPTIONAUTHORITYBANKSBRIBEBUDGET MANAGEMENTBURDEN OF REGULATIONSBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT SURVEYSCITIZENCITIZENSCIVIL SERVICECOMMERCIAL RISK RATING AGENCIESCOMPARISONS OF GOVERNANCECOMPOSITE GOVERNANCE INDICATORSCOMPOSITE INDICATORSCONFIDENCECONSEQUENCES OF GOVERNANCECONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCONTROL OF CORRUPTIONCORRUPTCORRUPTIONCORRUPTION INDICATORCORRUPTION PERCEPTIONSCORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEXCOUNTRY COMPARISONSCOUNTRY COVERAGECOUNTRY ESTIMATECOUNTRY RATINGSCOUNTRY RISK GUIDECOUNTRY RISK SERVICECPICRIMEDATA AVAILABILITYDEBTDEMOCRACYDIMENSION OF GOVERNANCEDIMENSIONS OF GOVERNANCEDOMESTIC FIRMSEMPLOYMENTETHICSEXCHANGE OF IDEASEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE POLICYFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEGOVERNANCE CHALLENGESGOVERNANCE COMPONENTGOVERNANCE DATAGOVERNANCE ESTIMATEGOVERNANCE ESTIMATESGOVERNANCE INDEXGOVERNANCE INDICATORGOVERNANCE INDICATORSGOVERNANCE PERCEPTIONSGOVERNANCE PERFORMANCEGOVERNANCE QUALITYGOVERNANCE RATINGGOVERNANCE REFORMSGOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESSGOVERNMENT OFFICIALSGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONHUMAN RIGHTSIMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNANCEINITIATIVEINSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCEINSTITUTIONAL QUALITYINTEGRITYINTERNAL ASSESSMENTSINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINVESTMENT CLIMATEJUDICIARYLABOR MARKETLAWSLEVELS OF GOVERNANCEMACROECONOMICSMEASUREMENT ERRORMEASURING GOVERNANCEMEDIAMINISTRY OF FINANCEMULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKSNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSOPERATIONAL RISKORGANIZED CRIMEPARLIAMENTPERCEPTIONS INDEXPOLICEPOLICY ADVICEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMIC RISKPOLITICAL RISKPOLITICAL STABILITYPRIVATE GAINPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC POWERPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC-SECTORQUALITY OF GOVERNANCEQUALITY OF PUBLICREGULATORY QUALITYRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRULE OF LAWSOCIAL INTERACTIONSSTATISTICAL METHODOLOGYTERRORISMTRADE POLICYTRANSITION ECONOMIESTRANSPARENCYUNOBSERVED COMPONENTS MODELUNOBSERVED GOVERNANCEVIOLENCEVOTINGWORLDWIDE GOVERNANCE INDICATORSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4978