Reina, MauricioZuluaga, Sandra2012-06-252012-06-252005-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8919Colombia's experience in the use of safeguards and antidumping duties differs from international trends. On the one hand, the number of investigations conducted is substantially lower than that recorded in most of the hemisphere's large and medium-size countries. On the other hand, while there is a growing international trend of more frequent use of antidumping as opposed to safeguards, in Colombia the safeguard process has been the more used policy instrument. Although several large and medium-size firms are familiar with the application of safeguards and antidumping duties, there is still a relative unfamiliarity regarding the instruments in most of the private sector. The institutional arrangements related to the investigations and the decisionmaking processes have proven to be stable and sound. The trade liberalization process in the country has created awareness of the importance of preserving the competitiveness of production chains to strengthen their insertion in international markets, which has restrained the authorities from restricting access to intermediate goods and raw materials. The evaluation of the Colombian experience also raises concerns about the potential discretional use of these instruments. The relatively intense use of safeguards and antidumping measures in some specific periods and sectors, especially in the agricultural sector, shows that the institutional framework is not always enough to guarantee a disciplined use of the instruments.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE TERMSAD VALOREMAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTUREANTI-DUMPING DUTIESANTI-DUMPING DUTYANTI-DUMPING INVESTIGATIONSANTI-DUMPING MEASURESANTIDUMPINGANTIDUMPING RULESAPPARELAPPAREL SECTORAVERAGE TARIFFBASIC METALSBENCHMARKCENTRAL AMERICACENTRAL BANKCLOSED ECONOMYCOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMERSCURRENCYCUSTOMSDECISION MAKINGDESTINATION MARKETDEVALUATIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC PRICESDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTEQUILIBRIUMEXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTERNAL TARIFFFEASIBILITY STUDIESFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN PRODUCERSFOREIGN TRADEFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AREAFREE TRADE ZONEGATT/WTOIMPORT DUTIESIMPORT QUOTASIMPORT RESTRICTIONSIMPORT SUBSTITUTIONIMPORTSINDUSTRIAL POLICYINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTSINDUSTRIALIZATIONINTEGRATION PROCESSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTERMEDIATE GOODSINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL PRICESLATIN AMERICANLEGISLATIONMARKET SHAREMULTILATERAL DISCIPLINESMULTILATERAL RULESMULTILATERAL TRADENORMAL VALUEPOLICY INSTRUMENTPOLITICAL ECONOMYPREFERENTIAL TARIFFPREFERENTIAL TARIFFSPRICE BAND SYSTEMPRICE DIFFERENTIALPROCESS OF ADJUSTMENTPRODUCTION CHAINPROTECTIONISMPROTECTIONIST BIASPROTECTIONIST POLICIESPROVISIONAL MEASURESQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONSRAW MATERIALSREAL EXCHANGE RATEREGIONAL AGREEMENTSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENTSSAFEGUARD MEASURESSAFEGUARD MECHANISMSPECIAL SAFEGUARDSSPECIAL TREATMENTTARIFF LEVELSTARIFF POLICYTARIFF REDUCTIONTOURISMTRADE AGREEMENTSTRADE BALANCETRADE DATATRADE FLOWSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE LIBERALIZATION PROCESSTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE PREFERENCESTRADE REFORMSTRADE RESTRICTIONSUNFAIR COMPETITIONUNFAIR TRADE PRACTICESURUGUAY ROUNDWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3608