Hernandez-Zavala, MarthaPatrinos, Harry AnthonySakellariou, ChrisShapiro, Joseph2012-06-182012-06-182006-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8357A substantial gap in test scores exists between indigenous and non-indigenous students in Latin America. Using test score data for 3rd and 4th year primary school pupils in Guatemala and Peru, and 5th grade pupils in Mexico, the authors assess the magnitude of the indigenous and non-indigenous test score gap and identify the main family and school inputs contributing to the gap. A decomposition of the gap into its constituent components suggests that the proportion that is explained by family and school characteristics is between 41 and 75 percent of the overall test-score gap. Furthermore, family variables contribute more than school variables to the overall explained component.CC BY 3.0 IGOACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTACHIEVEMENTADULT EMPLOYMENTADULTSALTERNATIVE SCHOOLSAVAILABILITY OF TEXTBOOKSAVERAGE TEST SCOREBACKGROUND PAPERSBASIC EDUCATIONBILINGUAL EDUCATIONBOOKS AT HOMECLASSROOMCOGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENTCOGNITIVE SKILLSCRITICAL THINKINGDEPARTMENTDISADVANTAGED STUDENTSDISSERTATIONECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMICS OF EDUCATIONEDUCATED PARENTSEDUCATIONEDUCATION OF TEACHERSEDUCATION POLICIESEDUCATION POLICYEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTEFFECT ON STUDENT LEARNINGEMPLOYMENTETHNIC GROUPSEXAMEXAM SCOREEXAMSGIRLSGRADE TEACHERSHIGHER LEVEL OF EDUCATIONHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESINDIGENOUSINDIGENOUS CHILDRENINDIGENOUS COMMUNITIESINDIGENOUS LANGUAGESINDIGENOUS PEOPLEINDIGENOUS SCHOOLSINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTORSINTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONINTERVENTIONSLABOR MARKETSLEARNINGLEARNING MATERIALSLEARNING OPPORTUNITIESLEARNING OUTCOMESLESS EXPERIENCED TEACHERSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLINGUISTIC DIVERSITYLITERACYLITERATURELOW ACHIEVEMENTMATH SCORESMATH TESTMATH TEXTBOOKSMATHEMATICSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMUSICAL INSTRUMENTSNATIONAL EXAMSPAPERSPOST-SECONDARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILSPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE SCHOOLPRIVATE SCHOOLINGPRIVATE SCHOOLSPUBLIC SCHOOLSQUALITY SCHOOLSREADINGREADING MATERIALSREGIONAL EDUCATIONREGIONAL EDUCATION OFFICEREPETITIONREPETITION RATESRESOURCES PER STUDENTRURAL AREASRURAL SCHOOLSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL ENVIRONMENTSCHOOL FACILITIESSCHOOL FACTORSSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURESCHOOL LEARNINGSCHOOL LEVELSCHOOL MANAGEMENTSCHOOL PRINCIPALSSCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL READINGSCHOOL YEARSCHOOLINGSCHOOLSSCIENCE STUDYSECONDARY SCHOOLSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTSTUDENT CHARACTERISTICSSTUDENT LEARNINGSTUDENT OUTCOMESSTUDENT PERFORMANCESUBJECTSTEACHERTEACHER EDUCATIONTEACHER QUALITYTEACHER SALARIESTEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTEACHINGTERTIARY EDUCATIONTEST SCORESTEXTBOOKTEXTBOOKSTYPES OF SCHOOLSUNDERACHIEVERSUNIVERSITYURBAN SCHOOLSUSE OF TEXTBOOKSVOUCHERSWORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3982