World Bank2013-03-072013-03-072012-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12610This study aims to offer evidence that urban sanitation in large West African cities faces specific issues linked to urban setting, housing development and urban environment, and to the development of water services. These issues are acutely perceived by urban households and largely shape their demand for sanitation, whereas the available supply offers unsatisfactory or unaffordable solutions. The two operations in review showed that public sanitation (or water and sanitation) utilities, when supported by a strong political will and with the assistance of a variety of actors, may, to a large extent, fill the gap between supply and demand, provided that they adopt adequate and efficient implementation arrangements in a participatory approach. As importantly, both operations showed that cost-effectiveness and equity considerations justify substantial subsidies for household facilities, which can be sustained by internal resources and external assistance. Structure of this report: section one review the trends of the urban sanitation market in West Africa and the rationale for public interventions in sanitation. Section two summarizes the main design features of the two operations. Section three assesses the operations' performances, in terms of outcome, efficiency and equity as well as their sustainability and replicability.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SAFE WATERACCESS TO SANITATIONACCESS TO WATERBASIC SANITATIONCITY WATERCONNECTION RATECONSTRUCTIONCONVENTIONAL SEWERAGEDEMAND FOR SANITATIONDISPOSAL OF WASTEWATERDRAINSDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER SUPPLYEFFLUENTSENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHEXCRETAEXCRETA DISPOSALFLOOD CONTROLFLUSH LATRINEFLUSH LATRINESFLUSH TOILETSGREY WATERGREYWATERHEALTH AND HYGIENEHIGH WATER CONSUMPTIONHOUSE CONNECTIONHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONSHOUSEHOLD LATRINESHOUSEHOLD SANITATIONHOUSEHOLD WATER CONSUMPTIONHYGIENEHYGIENE EDUCATIONINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERINFILTRATIONINTERNATIONAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLYIRONLACK OF SANITATIONLATRINELATRINE BLOCKSLATRINESLOW WATERMATURATION PONDSMONTHLY PAYMENTSMOSQUITOESNATIONAL WATERNATIONAL WATER SUPPLYODORSPIT LATRINEPIT LATRINESPITSPOPULATION DENSITYPUBLIC SANITATIONPUBLIC UTILITIESPUBLIC UTILITYPUBLIC WORKSPUMPING STATIONSRESIDENTIAL AREASRESIDENTIAL HOUSINGRUNNING WATERSAFE DISPOSALSANITARY CONDITIONSSANITARY FACILITIESSANITATION ACTIVITIESSANITATION DECADESANITATION ENGINEERSSANITATION EQUIPMENTSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION INFRASTRUCTURESANITATION MARKETSANITATION OPTIONSSANITATION PRACTICESSANITATION PROGRAMSANITATION PROGRAMSSANITATION PROJECTSSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SERVICESSANITATION SOLUTIONSSANITATION SYSTEMSSANITATION TECHNOLOGIESSANITATION UTILITIESSANITATION UTILITYSCHOOL SANITATIONSEPTIC TANKSEPTIC TANK SANITATIONSEPTIC TANKSSERVICE CONNECTIONSEWER CONNECTIONSEWERAGESEWERAGE NETWORKSEWERAGE NETWORKSSEWERAGE SERVICESSEWERAGE SYSTEMSSEWERSSITE SANITATIONSOCIAL MARKETINGSOILSSOLID WASTESSTANDPIPESTERTIARY TREATMENTTOILETSTRADITIONAL PIT LATRINESTREATMENT FACILITIESTREATMENT PLANTURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN DRAINAGEURBAN ENVIRONMENTURBAN HOUSEHOLDSURBAN SANITATIONURBAN WATERURBAN WATER SUPPLYURBANIZATIONUSERSUTILITIESWASHINGWASTEWATER DISPOSALWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTSWATER CONNECTIONWATER DISTRIBUTIONWATER RESERVOIRSWATER RESOURCESWATER SERVICEWATER SERVICE CONNECTIONSWATER SOURCEWATER SUPPLIESWATER SUPPLYWATER USERSWATER VENDORSWELLSWorld Bank10.1596/12610