Dihel, Nora CarinaGoswami, Arti Grover2015-10-212015-10-212015https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22794This paper summarizes the nature and determinants of trade in education and health services in a selected group of countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The paper presents results from new, innovative data collection methods, such as crowdsourcing, to shed some light on the magnitude, determinants, and restrictions on intra-African trade in education and health services. Assessments of trade and regulatory barriers, based on results from regulatory surveys conducted in selected East African countries, and case studies of success stories and less favorable experiences are then used to develop policy recommendations for using trade and regional integration more strategically to improve outcomes in education and health. The analysis shows that to turn these sectors around, policy action is required in the areas of education, domestic regulation, trade policy, labor mobility, and information and communications technologies at the national and international levels. To retain some of the scarce health workers in the region and enhance the region’s competitiveness in providing education and health services, African countries should allow for freer mobility of teachers and health care professionals.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOEMPLOYMENTRISKSVIRTUAL UNIVERSITIESUNIVERSITY DEGREECOLLEGEBRAIN DRAINTEACHERSHIGHER LEARNINGACADEMIC STAFFSKILLED WORKERSKNOWLEDGE SHARINGCAREER DEVELOPMENTINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYTERTIARY ENROLLMENTPHARMACISTSGLOBAL KNOWLEDGESTUDENT LOAN SCHEMESGLOBAL COMPETITIVENESSLAWSTUITIONADEQUATE EDUCATIONACADEMIC MANAGEMENTLEARNING CENTERSHEALTH CAREINTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONCAREERHIGHER EDUCATIONPAPERSHEALTHDISTANCE LEARNINGSKILLED PROFESSIONALSFOREIGN PROFESSIONALSCOLLEGESDISCIPLINESMINISTRIES OF EDUCATIONINFORMATION SYSTEMSQUALITY TEACHINGEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONHIGHER EDUCATION SECTORADMISSION REQUIREMENTSINFORMATION ASYMMETRIESFACULTYRESEARCH INCENTIVESPUBLIC HEALTHDAY CAREHIGH SCHOOLSRESEARCH INSTITUTIONSPROFESSORSEDUCATION SECTORKNOWLEDGEPUBLIC UNIVERSITIESLEARNING ENVIRONMENTRESEARCH UNIVERSITIESUNIVERSITY COUNCILTERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSDISTANCE LEARNING INSTITUTIONSCENTERS OF EXCELLENCEEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTESQUALITY OF EDUCATIONTRAININGTELECOMMUNICATIONSACCREDITATION MECHANISMSPATIENTSPATIENTGRADUATEDISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMSINSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITATIONHEALTH INDICATORSACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATIONRESEARCH REPORTSCHOLARSHIPSFOREIGN STUDENTSCOST OF EDUCATIONNURSESMIGRATIONMINISTRIESHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSSCHOLARSPROFESSIONAL EXAMINATIONSMARKETINGLEARNINGMEDICAL SCHOOLGRADUATESRESEARCHPROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONSTRADE IN EDUCATION SERVICESINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATIONUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL SYSTEMTEACHINGMIGRANTSHIGHER EDUCATION QUALITYFOREIGN UNIVERSITIESSTUDENT LOANSMEDICAL TREATMENTACCESS TO INFORMATIONHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATION SYSTEMSMEDICAL EDUCATIONDIASPORAHUMAN CAPITALPROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONWORKERSSTUDENT POPULATIONEDUCATIONAL SYSTEMSSURGERYGLOBAL MARKETSCIENCEUNIVERSITY LEVELSOCIAL SERVICESIMMIGRATION LAWSTUITION FEESSTUDENT ENROLLMENTSSTUDENTSCHOOLSSURVEILLANCESTUDENT MOBILITYCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIESPRIVATE UNIVERSITIESMEDICAL SPECIALISTSHEALTH POLICYMEDICAL SERVICESDISTANCE EDUCATIONDEGREE REQUIREMENTSRESEARCHERSPRIVATE EDUCATIONEXPENDITURESBOARD OF DIRECTORSUNIVERSITY LEADERSHIPSOCIAL SCIENCEDECISION MAKINGEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSTECHNICAL COLLEGESCAREERSINTERNATIONAL STUDENTSCURRICULUMTEACHERACCREDITATION SYSTEMSBUSINESS SCHOOLINTERNETREGIONAL UNIVERSITIESACCREDITATIONHEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALSPHYSICIANSCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCURRICULUM DEVELOPMENTACADEMIC PROGRAMSSTUDENT LOANCLINICSPRIVATE INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTESHUMAN RESOURCESRESEARCH UNIVERSITYWELLNESSINSTRUCTIONSCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTMEDICAL DOCTORSUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSQUALITY ASSURANCEACCREDITATION BODIESSTRATEGYINTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATIONREGISTRATIONFAMILIESDEGREESPROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONSHOSPITALSSCHOOLSECONDARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY EDUCATIONHEALTH SERVICESIMPLEMENTATIONTERTIARY INSTITUTIONSINTERPRETERSPRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENTNURSINGMEDICAL SCHOOLSUNIVERSITIESWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/22794