Gentile, ElisabettaKohli, NikitaSubramanian, NivedhithaTirmazee, ZuniaVyborny, Kate2025-06-132025-06-132025-06-13https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43332Gender gaps in labor market outcomes persist in South Asia. An open question is whether supply- or demand-side constraints play a larger role. This paper investigates this using matched data from three sources in Lahore, Pakistan: representative samples of jobseekers and employers, administrative data from a job matching platform, and an incentivized binary choice experiment. Employers’ gender restrictions are a larger constraint on women’s job opportunities than supply-side decisions. This demand-side gap in the quantity of job opportunities closes as education levels increase and jobs become more “white-collar.”en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOGENDERDISCRIMINATIONJOB SEARCHJOBS PLATFORMVACANCIESAPPLICATIONSWorking PaperWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-11142