World Bank Group2015-06-112015-06-112015-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22020Rapid urbanization in Ghana over the past three decades has coincided with rapid GDP growth. This has helped to create jobs, increase human capital, decrease poverty, and expand opportunities and improve living conditions for millions of Ghanaians. Ghana’s urban transformation has been momentous, but it is not unique: a similar process has characterized other countries at similar levels of development. Ghana’s key challenge now is to ensure that urbanization continues to complement growth through improvements in productivity and inclusion, rather than detracting from these goals. Many rising problems are related to efficiency and inclusion: these include slums, lack of basic services, underdeveloped manufacturing, and insufficient transport infrastructure.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOURBAN TRANSPORTSANITATIONPERI‐URBAN AREASTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMTRANSPORT SECTORTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRANSPORT INVESTMENTENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGESINFRASTRUCTURE POLICIESPROPERTY OWNERSFLOOR SPACEALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTRAIL NETWORKVEHICLE REGISTRATIONAIRPORTPASSENGERSTRANSPORTATION PROBLEMSDISPOSABLE INCOMETRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTUREINTERNATIONAL AIRPORTVEHICLESTRANSPORTATION COSTSRAIL PASSENGERENVIRONMENTAL COSTSPROPERTY RIGHTSPRIVATE ROADSTRENDEMISSIONSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTAL COSTSTRANSIT OPTIONSVEHICLE OWNERSHIPAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESBICYCLESTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMCARRIERSNEIGHBORHOODSTRAFFICTAXROUTESAIRPORTSHEAVY TRAFFICAIRLAND USEVEHICLE USETRANSPORT SERVICESURBAN ROUTESTRAVELERSTRANSPORT INVESTMENTROAD CONGESTIONAFFORDABLE HOUSINGPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMSDRIVERSTRANSPORT MODESPROPERTY OWNERSTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRANSPORT SECTORVEHICLEROADTOLLSURBANISMCOSTSCOMMUTERSAIR POLLUTIONRAILWAY SECTORTRANSPORT SYSTEMSROAD NETWORKROAD SECTORTRANSPORT IMPROVEMENTSTRANSPORTPOPULATION GROWTHTRANSPORT ACTIVITIESPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMSRAILWAY NETWORKMOBILITYTRAFFIC LIGHTSRAIL TRACKTRAVEL DISTANCETRANSPORTATION PLANNINGMODES OF TRANSPORTFLOOR AREADISPOSABLE INCOMETRUEPOLLUTIONRAILWAY NETWORKPERI‐URBAN AREASDOMESTIC AIRPORTSPUBLIC TRANSPORTROAD NETWORKECONOMIES OF SCALEBUS SERVICESTRAVEL TIMESLIQUID WASTE DISPOSALROUTEPROPERTY TAXESTRANSPORT POLICYPASSENGER TRAFFICROAD QUALITYURBAN TRAVELERSGRANTSINFRASTRUCTURETAXESLAND USEBUSESINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTTRAFFIC PLANNINGTRAFFIC ENGINEERINGRAIL FREIGHTBUSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTEMISSIONINITIATIVESHOUSING DEVELOPMENTCONGESTIONRAIL FREIGHTTRAVELTRANSPORTATIONURBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRANSITURBAN ROUTESPOLICIESTRANSPORTATION COSTSTRANSPORTATION CHALLENGESPROPERTY TAXESTRANSPORT IMPROVEMENTSHOUSING AFFORDABILITYCARSINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGMEANS OF TRANSPORTHOUSING DEVELOPMENTTRANSPORT COSTSACCESSIBILITYNATIONAL TRANSPORTLIQUID WASTE DISPOSALFLOOR AREA RATIOPOPULATION DENSITYMASS TRANSITPOPULATION GROWTHPUBLIC TRANSPORTTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTUREPASSENGER TRAFFICPEOPLE WALKINGRAILWAYHIGHWAYSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGESROAD SPACEAFFORDABLE HOUSINGROADSCARWALKINGSPRAWLPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONSTRAVEL DISTANCEAIR TRANSPORTROAD TRANSPORTECONOMIES OF SCALETAXISAVIATION INDUSTRYAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESROAD CONGESTIONRAILNOISE POLLUTIONROAD QUALITYTRANSPORT SYSTEMINVESTMENTSTRANSPORT SUPPLYAFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENTURBAN ROADSTRANSPORT COSTSNOISEROAD TRANSPORTMARITIME TRAFFICTRAVEL TIMESAFETYURBAN SPRAWLPEOPLE WALKINGALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT MODESNATIONAL TRANSPORTFREIGHTPROPERTY RIGHTSURBAN TRANSPORTATIONTRAVEL TIMESBOTTLENECKSINFRASTRUCTURE POLICIESReportWorld Bank10.1596/22020