International Finance Corporation2015-04-022015-04-022014https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21679The percentage of smallholders with access to finance is equally difficult to quantify. According to estimates, even promising approaches to expanding smallholder lending, such as value chain finance, are reaching fewer than 10 percent of smallholders, primarily those in well-established value chains dedicated to higher value cash crops. International Finance Corporation (IFC) has been engaged for several years in learning efforts through diverse partnerships to obtain insights into the challenges of agricultural finance. The evidence of microfinance institution (MFI) involvement in financing commercial and semi-commercial smallholders remains anecdotal and lacks specifics on what makes MFI lending to these segments feasible, and what restricts their reach and effectiveness. This IFC study aims to identify and disseminate lessons emerging from the work of MFIs that have implemented agricultural operations targeting agricultural smallholders in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to support replication and expansion of scalable approaches. Through this research, IFC seeks to understand the motivations of MFIs that venture into agricultural finance, how the products they offer have been structured, and how they were implemented, with a specific focus on agricultural finance programs, and products that are designed for smallholders in loose value chains and non-commercial (subsistence) farmers.Los productores agropecuarios en los países en desarrollo, especialmente en los países de ingreso bajo, se enfrentan a una serie de barreras, como la baja productividad, el acceso limitado a los mercados para sus productos, la falta de productos y servicios adecuados de gestión del riesgo y el acceso limitado a financiamiento. El objetivo del estudio de la Corporación Financiera Internacional (IFC) es identificar y divulgar las lecciones derivadas del trabajo de las instituciones microfinancieras (IMF) que han implementado operaciones para pequeños productores agropecuarios en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), con el fin de promover la replicación y la expansión de estrategias que se puedan ampliar. Se eligió a la región de ALC para este estudio por su historial de innovación y liderazgo en la industria microfinanciera, la madurez de esta industria en muchos países de la región y el número de ejemplos de IMF que se han expandido más allá de los mercados urbanos para atender a más clientes rurales, en comparación con otras regiones. Mediante esta investigación, el IFC pretende entender las motivaciones de las IMF que se aventuran en el financiamiento de actividades agropecuarias, y cómo han estructurado e implementado los productos que ofrecen, con especial atención a los programas y los productos de financiamiento de actividades agropecuarias diseñados para pequeños productores en cadenas de valor no estructuradas y productores no comerciales (de subsistencia).en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FINANCEACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICESACCESS TO FORMAL CREDITACCESS TO MARKETSACCESS TO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCEACCOUNTINGACCOUNTS RECEIVABLESAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITYAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL CREDITAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANKSAGRICULTURAL FINANCEAGRICULTURAL INCOMEAGRICULTURAL LOANAGRICULTURAL LOANSAGRICULTURAL MARKETAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONALTERNATIVE COLLATERALATM NETWORKSBANK ACCOUNTBANK BRANCHBANK BRANCHESBANK LENDINGBANKING SYSTEMBANKING SYSTEMSBANKSBONDED WAREHOUSESBORROWERBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESCASH FLOWCASH FLOW ANALYSESCASH FLOW ANALYSISCASH FLOWSCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTSCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMERCIAL CREDITCOMMERCIAL FARMERCOMMERCIAL FARMERSCOMMERCIAL LENDINGCOMMERCIAL LOANCOMMERCIAL LOANSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTCOOPERATIVESCREDIT ANALYSISCREDIT APPLICATIONCREDIT ASSESSMENTCREDIT BANKSCREDIT BUREAUSCREDIT OFFICERCREDIT OFFICERSCREDIT POLICIESCREDIT PRODUCTCREDIT PRODUCTSCREDIT RATINGSCREDIT RISKCREDIT RISK ASSESSMENTCREDIT SCORINGCREDITSCREDITWORTHINESSCROP INSURANCECUSTOMER BASECUSTOMER SERVICEDEBIT CARDSDEBTDEFAULT RATESDELINQUENCY RATEDELINQUENCY RATESDEPOSITDEPOSITSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIRECTED CREDITDISBURSEMENTDIVERSIFICATIONDIVERSIFIED INCOMEDIVERSIFIED INCOMESDONOR SUPPORTDOUBLE BOTTOM LINEDUE DILIGENCEECONOMIC ACTIVITYEMERGING MARKETSENABLING ENVIRONMENTEQUIPMENTFAMILIESFINANCE COMPANIESFINANCIAL EDUCATIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL LITERACYFINANCIAL NEEDSFINANCIAL PRODUCTFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCYFINANCIAL SERVICEFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERSFIXED ASSETFIXED ASSETSFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFORMS OF COLLATERALFUNGIBLEGROUP LENDINGGROUP-LENDINGGROWTH OPPORTUNITIESGUARANTEE REQUIREMENTSGUARANTORHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN RESOURCESINDEBTEDNESSINDIVIDUAL LOANSINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMSINSURANCE PRODUCTSINTEREST PAYMENTSINTEREST RATEINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINVENTORIESINVESTINGJOINT LIABILITYJOINT-LIABILITYJOINT-LIABILITY GROUPSLACK OF AWARENESSLEGAL TITLELENDERLENDERSLENDING PORTFOLIOLENDING PORTFOLIOSLIFE INSURANCELIMITED ACCESSLIMITED ACCESS TO FINANCELOANLOAN AMOUNTSLOAN APPLICATIONLOAN APPLICATIONSLOAN CLASSIFICATIONLOAN OFFICERLOAN OFFICERSLOAN OFFICESLOAN PAYMENTSLOAN PORTFOLIOLOAN PORTFOLIOSLOAN PROCESSINGLOAN PRODUCTLOAN PRODUCTSLOAN REPAYMENTLOAN REPAYMENTSLOAN SIZELOAN SIZESLOAN TERMLOAN TERMSLOCAL MARKETSLONG-TERM FINANCELONG-TERM LENDINGMARKET CONDITIONSMARKET ENVIRONMENTMARKET RISKSMARKET SEGMENTATIONMATURITYMFIMFISMICRO ENTREPRENEURSMICROCREDITMICROFINANCEMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONSMOBILE PHONEMOBILE PHONESMOVABLE ASSETSMOVABLE PROPERTYNEW MARKETNON-PERFORMING LOANSNPLOUTREACHPARTIAL GUARANTEEPORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATIONPORTFOLIO PERFORMANCEPORTFOLIO QUALITYPRINCIPAL PAYMENTSPROFIT MARGINPROFITABILITYREPAYMENTREPAYMENT ARRANGEMENTSREPAYMENT CAPACITYREPAYMENT HISTORYREPAYMENT SCHEDULESRESERVERETURNRETURN ON ASSETSRISK AVERSIONRISK FACTORSRISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESRISK MITIGATIONRISK PROFILESRISK SHARINGRURAL BANKRURAL BANKINGRURAL CLIENTSRURAL MARKETSSAVINGSSECURITIESSMALLHOLDERSMALLHOLDER FARMERSSMALLHOLDERSSOLIDARITY GROUP LENDINGSOURCE OF INCOMESOURCES OF INCOMETECHNICAL ASSISTANCETERM DEPOSITSTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSPORTATION SERVICEURBAN AREASWAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE RECEIPTSWAREHOUSESWORKING CAPITALWorking PaperInternational Finance Corporation10.1596/21679