Xia, FangDeininger, KlausMate, AurelioPayongayong, Ellen2015-11-052015-11-052015-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22886Almost a decade after large land-based investment for agriculture increased sharply, opinions on its impact continue to diverge, partly because (positive or negative) spillovers on neighboring smallholders have never been rigorously assessed. Applying methods from the urban literature on Mozambican data suggests that changes in the number and area of large farms within 25 or 50 kilometers of these investments raised use of improved practices, animal traction, and inputs by small farmers without increasing cultivated area or participation in output, credit, and nonfarm labor markets; or, once these factors are controlled for, yields. The limited scope and modest size of the estimated benefits point toward considerable unrealized potential. The paper discusses ways to systematically explore the size of such potential and the extent to which it is realized.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOPOULTRYMANUREFARM LABORFERTILIZERAGRICULTURAL CENSUSPRODUCTIONSMALLHOLDER PRODUCERSSORGHUMFARMERBEANSSMALL PRODUCERSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONLIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTPESTICIDEINFORMATIONPUBLIC SERVICESCASSAVAHOUSINGENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSDAIRYSORGHUM CROPAGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONHEALTHRICE CROPAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSPERENNIALSLAND ACCESSANNUAL CROPSINTERCROPPINGWATER RESOURCESSMALL FARMSPOVERTY REDUCTIONCONSERVE SOILPLANSSMALL FARMERSAGRICULTURAL PRACTICESKNOWLEDGEMAIZEPLANTSCLIMATIC CONDITIONSMAIZE CROPCASH CROPSGROUNDNUTSEEDSFARM EMPLOYMENTCROP ROTATIONCOMMERCIAL FARMERSWEED CONTROLSEEDVEGETABLESINDICATORSLAND RESOURCESRESEARCHFARMINGLIVESTOCKEXTENSIONHISTORYSMALL FARMFARMERSNATURAL RESOURCESFARM SECTORTOBACCOSMALLHOLDERSCROPSFOOD PRODUCTIONLAND USEPRODUCECROP YIELDSPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHFARMLANDFOOD SECURITYAGRONOMIC PRACTICESCROPAGRIBUSINESSLABOR DEMANDSMALL HOLDINGSGENDERCULTIVATIONRUMINANTSAGRICULTURAL INVESTMENTANIMAL TRACTIONMILLETSMALLHOLDERREPORTSPEANUTSOUTGROWER SCHEMESCROPPINGAGRICULTUREHORTICULTUREAGENCIESAGRICULTURAL LANDPERENNIAL CROPSSOWINGCATTLEPRIVATE SECTORIRRIGATED LANDCULTIVATION PRACTICESSMALL RUMINANTSFOODECONOMICSMANAGEMENTCOTTONDEGRADATIONDEMAND FOR FOODLANDGROWING SEASONEDUCATIONSUGARCANEFARMFOOD CROPSCONTRACT FARMINGFARMSINTEGRATIONPIGSBUSINESS PLANSFEEDAVERAGE YIELDSANIMALWHEATSOILSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYRICEYIELDSSOIL FERTILITYGREEN REVOLUTIONWOMENAGRICULTURALGOATSLABOR MARKETSRURAL DEVELOPMENTPULSESCOMMODITYDAIRY SECTORSUGARWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-7466