Rock, Michael T.Toman, MichaelCui, YuanshangJiang, KejunSong, YunWang, Yanjia2013-09-262013-09-262013-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15851Since the onset of economic reforms in 1978, China has been remarkably successful in reducing the carbon dioxide intensities of gross domestic product and industrial production. Most analysts correctly attribute the rapid decline in the carbon dioxide intensity of industrial production to rising energy prices, increased openness to trade and investment, increased competition, and technological change. China's industrial and technology policies also have contributed to lower carbon dioxide intensities, by transforming industrial structure and improving enterprise level technological capabilities. Case studies of four energy intensive industries -- aluminum, cement, iron and steel, and paper -- show how the changes have put these industries on substantially lower carbon dioxide emissions trajectories. Although the changes have not led to absolute declines in carbon dioxide emissions, they have substantially weakened the link between industry growth and carbon dioxide emissions.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACID RAINAIR POLLUTANTSALTERNATIVE FUELSALUMINUM INDUSTRYAPPROACHAUDITSAUTOMATIONAVAILABILITYBASICBIDDINGBLACK LIQUORBLAST FURNACESBUILDING MATERIALSBURNING FOSSIL FUELSBUSINESS PROCESSESCAPITAL GOODSCAPITAL MARKETSCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCEMENTCEMENT INDUSTRYCEMENT PLANTSCEMENT PRODUCTIONCENTRAL PLANNINGCHEMICAL TREATMENTCITIESCLEAN ENERGYCLEANER PRODUCTIONCOALCOAL MININGCOAL USECOAL WASHINGCODESCOGENERATIONCOGENERATION EFFICIENCYCOLLABORATIONCOMPONENTSCOMPUTERSDATA SERVICESDEBTDEMAND FOR ENERGYDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITYECONOMICSECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSEFFICIENT USEELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRONICSELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORSEMISSIONEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONENERGY AUDITSENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY INTENSITYENERGY INTENSIVEENERGY MANAGEMENTENERGY PRICESENERGY REQUIREMENTSENERGY RESEARCHENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SUPPLYENERGY USEENERGY USERSENGINEERINGENGINEERING DESIGNENGINEERSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONEQUIPMENTEXPENDITURESFOSSILFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL USEGASGENERATIONGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGLOBAL EMISSIONSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEATHEAVY OILHUMAN HEALTHHYDRO-POWERIMPROVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYIMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCYINDUSTRIAL BOILERSINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISESINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONSINVESTMENTS IN ENERGYKEY INDUSTRIESKNOW-HOWMETALSMINESNATURAL GASNEW PLANTNEW TECHNOLOGYNUCLEAR FUELOILOIL DEMANDOIL EQUIVALENTOIL EXPORTSORGANIC WASTEOXYGENPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPATENTSPETROLEUMPILOT PROJECTSPOLICY MAKERSPOLLUTIONPOWERPRICE SETTINGPRODUCERSPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYPROGRAMSRAW MATERIALRAW MATERIALSREAL TIMERECYCLINGREGULATORY FRAMEWORKROMSOFTWARE COMPANYTECHNICIANSTECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIESTECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITYTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGETECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGICAL LEARNINGTECHNOLOGY LICENSESTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERSTONS OF COAL EQUIVALENTURBAN POPULATIONVIABLE TECHNOLOGYWASTEWATER EMISSIONSWASTEWATER TREATMENTindustrial modernizationdecarbonizationWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6492