Kojima, MasamiJohnson, Todd2014-04-222014-04-222006-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17958This note is based on a longer report published by ESMAP in 2005. The report responds to the increasing number of requests from developing countries to help assess the commercial viability of biofuels for transport in the next 5 to 10 years. This brief draws from the successful Brazil experience and illustrates socioeconomic considerations for establishing biofuel programs in developing countries.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL CROPSAIRAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAIR-QUALITYALTERNATIVE MEANSAUTOMOTIVE FUELAVAILABILITYBARREL OF OILBIOMASSCANE PRODUCTIONCAPITAL FORMATIONCARBONCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON MARKETCARBON MONOXIDECLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATIC CONDITIONSCONSUMER PROTECTIONCOST OF ETHANOLCOST OF ETHANOL PRODUCTIONCOSTS OF ETHANOL PRODUCTIONCROP RESIDUESDIESELDIESEL FUELDISTILLERIESECONOMICSEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDESENERGY CROPSENERGY SECTORENERGY SECURITYENERGY SOURCEENERGY SOURCESENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGESEQUITY IMPACTSETHANOLETHANOL CONSUMPTIONETHANOL CONTENT IN GASOHOLETHANOL ETHANOLETHANOL FROM CELLULOSEETHANOL FROM SUGARCANEETHANOL INDUSTRYETHANOL MARKETETHANOL PRODUCERSEXCHANGE RATEEXHAUST EMISSIONSEXTERNALITIESFARMSFEEDSTOCKFEEDSTOCK COSTSFEEDSTOCKSFOREST PRODUCTSFUELFUEL PRODUCTIONFUEL SUPPLIESFUELSGASOHOLGASOLINEGASOLINE CONSUMPTIONGASOLINE TAXESGLOBAL POLLUTANTSGREENHOUSE GASHABITAT LOSSHEALTHHYDROCARBONSINCOMELOCAL AIR POLLUTIONLOWER EMISSIONSNITROGENOCTANEOCTANE OF GASOLINEOILOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCERSPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPETROLEUMPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPLANT OPERATIONSPLANT OWNERSPOLLUTANTSPRICE OF ETHANOLPRICE OF OILPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTIVITYROADRURAL INFRASTRUCTURESAFETYSUGAR CANESUGAR INDUSTRYSUGARCANESUGARCANE PRODUCTIONSUGARSSULFURTAXTAX EXEMPTIONSTAX REVENUETRANSPORTTRANSPORT FUELTRANSPORT SECTORURBAN AIR POLLUTIONURBAN AIR QUALITYVALUE OF ETHANOLVEHICLEVEHICLE EXHAUSTVEHICLE FLEETSVEHICLE FUELVEHICLE FUEL ECONOMYVEHICLESWOODWOOD WASTES10.1596/17958