World Bank2017-06-302017-06-302010-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27496Pakistan was selected as a case study because of its estimated 40 percent decline in fertility between 1980 and 2006. Pakistan's high fertility rate began to decline gradually after the late 1980s and has continued to fall since then, though progress has been uneven and there have been signs of a slowdown in recent years. Unlike the other four case study countries (Algeria, Botswana, Iran, and Nicaragua), the history of fertility reduction in Pakistan has not been an overwhelming success story but rather a story of challenges, partial responses, and shortcomings that offer abundant lessons for other high-fertility countries as well as planners in Pakistan.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABORTIONABORTION RATEABSTINENCEACCESS TO EMPLOYMENTADVOCACY CAMPAIGNSAGE AT MARRIAGEBREASTFEEDINGCHILD HEALTHCHILD HEALTH SERVICESCHILD MORTALITYCHILDBEARINGCHILDBIRTHCHILDREN PER WOMANCLINICSCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCONDOMCONDOM USECONTRACEPTIVE METHODCONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCECONTRACEPTIVE USECURRENT TOTAL FERTILITYDECLINE IN FERTILITYDECLINE OF FERTILITYDEMAND FOR CONTRACEPTIVESDEMAND FOR FAMILY PLANNINGDEMOCRACYDEMOGRAPHERSDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEVELOPMENT EFFORTSDEVELOPMENT PLANNINGDEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDOMESTIC POLITICSECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTFAMILIESFAMILY PLANNINGFAMILY PLANNING METHODSFAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMFAMILY PLANNING SERVICEFAMILY PLANNING USEFAMILY SIZEFAMILY STRUCTUREFEMALE EDUCATIONFEMALE LITERACYFEMALE STERILIZATIONFERTILITYFERTILITY CONTROLFERTILITY DECLINEFERTILITY LEVELSFERTILITY PREFERENCESFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY TRANSITIONFIRST BIRTHFIRST CHILDGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER EQUITYGENDER GAPGENDER INEQUALITYGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEGYNECOLOGYHEALTH CARE PROVIDERSHEALTH COALITIONHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMSHIGH FERTILITY LEVELSHIGH FERTILITY RATEHOSPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUSBANDSIDEAL FAMILY SIZEIDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDRENIMMUNIZATIONIMPACT ON FERTILITYINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYINTERNATIONAL WOMENINTERVENTIONIUDLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLITERACY RATESLIVE BIRTHSLOWER FERTILITYMANAGEMENT OF POPULATIONMARKET ECONOMYMARRIED COUPLESMARRIED WOMENMATERNAL MORTALITYMATERNAL MORTALITY RATIOMEASLESMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALMINISTRY OF HEALTHMINISTRY OF POPULATIONMODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODSMODERN CONTRACEPTIVESMORTALITYMORTALITY RISKMOTHERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNINGNEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGNEWBORNSNO MORE CHILDRENNUMBER OF CHILDRENNURSESNUTRITIONOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENORAL CONTRACEPTIVESPARAMEDICSPATIENTSPHYSICIANSPILLPOLITICAL SUPPORTPOPULATION COUNCILPOPULATION ISSUESPOPULATION PLANNINGPOPULATION POLICYPOPULATION PROGRAMSPOPULATION SECTORPOPULATION STUDIESPOPULOUS COUNTRYPOST-ABORTIONPREFERENCE FOR SONSPREGNANCIESPREGNANCYPRENATAL CAREPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOLSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SERVICESRAPID POPULATION GROWTHRELIABLE FAMILY PLANNINGRELIGIOUS BELIEFSRELIGIOUS LEADERSREPRODUCTIVE AGEREPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORREPRODUCTIVE HEALTHREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAMSRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL GIRLSRURAL WOMENSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLINGSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSERVICE PROVISIONSERVICES TO WOMENSEXSKILLED STAFFSMALL FAMILIESSOCIAL ACTIONSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL MARKETINGSOCIAL MARKETING OF CONTRACEPTIVESSOCIAL PROGRESSSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL STATUSSOCIAL WELFARESON PREFERENCESPOUSESSTATE UNIVERSITYSTERILIZATIONSURGERYSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTERMINATION OF PREGNANCYTRADITIONAL HEALERSUNEDUCATED WOMENUNINTENDED PREGNANCIESUNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUNDUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONUNMET CONTRACEPTIVE NEEDUNMET DEMANDUNSAFE ABORTIONSUNWANTED PREGNANCYURBAN AREASURBAN WOMENUSE OF CONTRACEPTIONUSE OF FAMILY PLANNINGWOMANWORKERSYOUNG WOMENReportWorld Bank10.1596/27496