Greenberg, Theodore S.Samuel, Linda M.Grant, WingateGray, Larissa2012-03-192012-03-192009978-0-8213-7890-8https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2615The guide is organized into three major parts: Part A first provides an overview of the problem of stolen assets and the problem of recovering the assets once they are transferred abroad. Second, it describes how the international community has taken steps to respond to the problem through United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) Initiative. UNCAC introduced a new framework to facilitate the tracing, freezing, seizing, forfeiture, and return of assets stolen through corrupt practices and hidden in foreign jurisdictions. The StAR Initiative developed an action plan to support the domestication and implementation of asset recovery provisions under UNCAC, to facilitate countries' efforts to recover stolen assets that have been hidden in foreign jurisdictions, and ultimately, to help deter such flows and eliminate safe havens for hiding corruption proceeds. Third and finally, Part A introduces non-conviction based (NCB) asset forfeiture as one of the critical tools to combat corruption, describing the situations when it is useful, how it differs from criminal forfeiture, its usefulness in civil and common law jurisdictions, and the support it has gained internationally. Part B contains the 36 key concepts. The concepts have been grouped together by topic area, including prime imperatives, definitions of assets and offenses subject to NCB asset forfeiture, measures for investigation and preservation of assets, procedural and evidentiary concepts, determining parties and ensuring proper notice, judgment proceedings, organizational considerations and asset management, and international cooperation and asset recovery. The concepts are illustrated through examples from cases and excerpts from different jurisdictions' NCB asset forfeiture legislation. Part C contains a number of special contributions written by individual practitioners. The contributions focus on the general practice of NCB asset forfeiture and international cooperation in specific jurisdictions, namely Colombia, Guernsey, Ireland, Kuwait, Switzerland, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. In addition, some contributions illustrate a selection of NCB asset forfeiture practices, such as asset management, delegating certain roles to the executive branch, and pursuing forfeiture based on illicit enrichment.Le vol d’avoirs publics est un problème de développement de grande ampleur. On estime que le flux transfrontalier total provenant des activités criminelles, de la corruption et de la fraude fiscale, représente entre 1 et 1.6 trillion de dollars par an. Les dommages résultant de ces vols comprennent également la dégradation et la défiance envers les institutions publiques, l’affaiblissement du climat de confiance des investisseurs privés et la corruption des services sociaux en charges des programmes d’assistance de santé et d’éducation. Qu’ils soient publics ou privés, une fois transférés à l’étranger, ces fonds volés sont difficilement récupérables. Les pays en voie de développement se heurtent à de sérieux obstacles, liés à l’absence de lois sur la confiscation d’avoirs sans condamnation (CSC), de moyens d’investigations, de pouvoir judiciaire et de ressources financières inadéquates. La CSC est un outil primordial pour la restitution du produit et des moyens de la corruption. C’est un mécanisme juridique prévoyant la contrainte, la saisie et la confiscation d’avoirs volés, sans la nécessité d’une condamnation pénale. Un nombre croissant de systèmes législatifs nationaux ont institué des règles encadrant la CSC, et de tels cadres juridiques ont été recommandés par nombre d’organisations tant au niveau national que multilatéral. Cet intérêt croissant pour les lois sur la CSC rend nécessaire la mise au point d’un outil pratique pour les systèmes judiciaires envisageant de développer une telle réglementation. Ce livre est conçu comme un outil pratique pour aider les États à récupérer leurs avoirs volés. C’est le premier guide traitant de la confiscation de biens selon le principe des lois sans condamnation CSC et la première publication de synthèse dans le cadre de « l’Initiative pour la Restitution d’Avoirs Volés (StAR) ». Le guide identifie 36 concepts clés (légaux et opérationnels) que des lois sur la CSC devraient englober afin d’être efficaces dans la Restitution d’avoirs volés.CC BY 3.0 IGOABUSEADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURESANTI-MONEY LAUNDERINGASSET MANAGEMENTASSET RECOVERYASSETSAUCTIONAUCTION PROCESSBEST PRACTICEBEST PRACTICESBRIBERY OF FOREIGN PUBLIC OFFICIALSBRIBESCASE LAWCASH PAYMENTSCIVIL LAWCLAIMCLAIMANTCOCAINECOMBATING BRIBERYCOMMON LAWCOMMON LAW JURISDICTIONCOMMON LAW JURISDICTIONSCOMMON LAW SYSTEMSCOMPENSATIONCONFIDENCECONFISCATION ORDERCONSTITUTIONAL COURTCONVICTIONCONVICTIONSCORRUPTCORRUPT OFFICIALCORRUPT OFFICIALSCORRUPT PRACTICESCORRUPTIONCORRUPTION INVESTIGATIONCOURTCOURT APPROVALCOURT OF APPEALCOURT OF JUSTICECOURTSCREDITORSCRIMECRIMESCRIMINALCRIMINAL ACTIVITIESCRIMINAL ACTIVITYCRIMINAL CASECRIMINAL CODECRIMINAL COURTCRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONCRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONSCRIMINAL JURISDICTIONCRIMINAL LAWCRIMINAL LAWSCRIMINALSCUSTOMARY LAWDEFAULT JUDGMENTDEPENDENTDEPOSITSDISCLOSUREDISCRETIONDISPOSAL OF ASSETSDISPOSITIONDOMESTIC LAWDOMESTIC LAWSDRUGDRUG ABUSEDRUG TRAFFICKINGDRUGSDUE PROCESSEMBEZZLEMENTENFORCEABILITYESTATEEUEXISTING LAWSFAIR TRIALFIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTIONFINAL JUDGMENTFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INTELLIGENCEFINANCIAL INTELLIGENCE UNITFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL STATEMENTSFORFEITUREFORFEITURESFRAUDFROZEN ASSETSGRAND CORRUPTIONHOMEHUMAN RIGHTSILLICIT DRUGIMPLEMENTATION OF LAWSIMPRISONMENTINITIATIVEINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTEGRITYINTERESTED PARTIESINTERNATIONAL BUSINESSINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONSINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMINTERNATIONAL SUPPORTINTERNATIONAL TREATIESINVESTIGATING MAGISTRATESINVESTIGATIONINVESTIGATIONSINVESTIGATORSINVESTMENT CLIMATEJUDGEJUDGEMENTJUDGESJUDGMENTJUDGMENTSJUDICIAL ACTIONJUDICIAL CAPACITYJUDICIAL COOPERATIONJUDICIAL PROCEEDINGSJUDICIAL SCRUTINYJUDICIAL SYSTEMJUDICIARYJURISDICTIONLAW ENFORCEMENTLEGAL ACTIONSLEGAL CHALLENGELEGAL CHALLENGESLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGAL MECHANISMLEGAL STATUSLEGAL SYSTEMLEGISLATIONMINISTERSMORTGAGEMUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCENARCOTICNARCOTIC DRUGSNARCOTICSNARCOTICS AGENCYNARCOTICS CONTROLNEGOTIATIONOFFENDEROFFENSEOFFENSESOFFICIAL CORRUPTIONORGANISED CRIMEORGANIZED CRIMEPEPPERSONAL ASSETSPOLICEPOLITICIANPRESERVATION OF ASSETSPRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCEPRIVACYPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE LAWPROPERTY LAWPROPERTY RIGHTSPROSECUTIONPROSECUTIONSPROSECUTORPROSECUTORSPSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCESPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC OFFICIALSREBUTTABLE PRESUMPTIONSRECOVERED FUNDSRECOVERY OF ASSETSREMEDIESREPATRIATIONRESTRAINT ORDERRESTRAINT ORDERSRIGHT OF PROPERTYRULES OF PROCEDURESAFE HAVENSAFE HAVENSSANCTIONSECURED CREDITORSSERVICE DELIVERYSOCIAL SERVICESTATEMENTSTOLEN FUNDSTERRORISMTHEFTTHEFTSTITLESTRIALVALUE OF ASSETSVICTIMSWILLWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7890-8